Methods and compositions using a combination of zwitterionic surfactants and gemini surfactants as diversion agents
A wellbore fluid may include a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant; an activator, and an aqueous base fluid. The gemini surfactant may have a structure represented by formula (I): where R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion.
1. A wellbore fluid, comprising:
a gemini surfactant having a structure represented by formula (I):
where R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion;
a zwitterionic surfactant;
an activator; and
an aqueous base fluid.
2. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the gemini surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
3. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the zwitterionic surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
4. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the activator in an amount of 10 to 30 wt. %.
5. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the wellbore fluid further comprises an acid.
6. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a sodium cation, R 2 is a C 1 hydrocarbon group, m is 1, n is 8, and X − is bromide.
7. The wellbore fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant has a structure represented by formula (II):
where R 3 is a C 15 -C 27 hydrocarbon group or a C 15 -C 29 substituted hydrocarbon group, R 4 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, and o and p are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
8. A method for treating a hydrocarbon-containing formation, comprising:
injecting a wellbore fluid into a high permeability zone of a hydrocarbon-containing formation, wherein the high permeability zone increases the temperature of the wellbore fluid, resulting in the wellbore fluid having an increased viscosity;
wherein the wellbore fluid comprises:
a gemini surfactant having a structure represented by formula (I):
where R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion;
a zwitterionic surfactant;
an activator; and
an aqueous base fluid.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the gemini surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the zwitterionic surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the activator in an amount of 10 to 30 wt. %.
12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the wellbore fluid further comprises an acid.
13. The method according to claim 8 , wherein R 1 is a sodium cation, R 2 is a C 1 hydrocarbon group, m is 1, n is 8, and X − is bromide.
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant has a structure represented by formula (II):
where R 3 is a C 15 -C 27 hydrocarbon group or a C 15 -C 29 substituted hydrocarbon group, R 4 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, and o and p are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
15. A method for stimulating the recovery of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-containing formation, the method comprising:
injecting a wellbore fluid into a high permeability zone of a hydrocarbon-containing formation, wherein the high permeability zone increases the temperature of the wellbore fluid, resulting in the wellbore fluid having an increased viscosity;
stimulating the hydrocarbon-containing formation using the wellbore fluid thereby creating pathways for hydrocarbon production; and
recovering the hydrocarbons,
wherein the wellbore fluid comprises:
a gemini surfactant having a structure represented by formula (I):
where R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion;
a zwitterionic surfactant;
an activator; and
an aqueous base fluid.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the gemini surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the zwitterionic surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the activator in an amount of 10 to 30 wt. %.
19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the wellbore fluid further comprises an acid.
20. The method according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 is a sodium cation, R 2 is a C 1 hydrocarbon group, m is 1, n is 8, and X − is bromide.
21. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant has a structure represented by formula (II):
where R 3 is a C 15 -C 27 hydrocarbon group or a C 15 -C 29 substituted hydrocarbon group, R 4 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, and o and p are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
22. A method of preparing a wellbore fluid, comprising:
mixing a gemini surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, an activator, and an aqueous base fluid,
wherein the gemini surfactant has a structure represented by formula (I):
where R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbon group or a monovalent cation, R 2 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, n is an integer ranging from 8 to 12, and X is a monovalent anion.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the gemini surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the zwitterionic surfactant in an amount of 1 to 15 wt. %.
25. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the wellbore fluid contains the activator in an amount of 10 to 30 wt. %.
26. The method according to claim 22 wherein the method further comprises mixing an acid with the gemini surfactant, the zwitterionic surfactant, the activator, and the aqueous base fluid.
27. The method according to claim 22 , wherein R 1 is a sodium cation, R 2 is a C 1 hydrocarbon group, m is 1, n is 8, and X − is bromide.
28. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant has a structure represented by formula (II):
where R 3 is a C 15 -C 27 hydrocarbon group or a C 15 -C 29 substituted hydrocarbon group, R 4 is a C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon group, and o and p are each, independently, an integer ranging from 1 to 4.