High-purity steviol glycosides
Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly rebaudiosides A, D and M are described. The methods include utilizing recombinant microorganisms for converting various staring compositions to target steviol glycosides. In addition, novel steviol glycosides reb D2 and reb M2 are disclosed, as are methods of preparing the same. The highly purified rebaudiosides are useful as non-caloric sweetener in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.
1. A method for producing highly purified target steviol glucoside rebaudioside M comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an aqueous solution comprising a starting composition comprising steviol glycosides;
(b) providing a microorganism selected from the group consisting of E. coli, Saccharomyces species, Aspergillus species, Pichia species, Bacillus species , and Yarrowia species,
said microorganism comprising at least one steviol biosynthesis enzyme selected from the group consisting of: mevalonate pathway enzymes (MVA) and non-mevalonate 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway enzymes (MEP/DOXP);
said steviol biosynthesis enzyme selected from the group consisting of: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, copalyl diphosphate synthase, kaurene synthase, kaurene oxidase, kaurenoic acid 13-hydroxylase, steviol synthetase, deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase, D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol, 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, truncated HMG-CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase, mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, and cytochrome P450 reductase; and a combination thereof;
said microorganism further comprising uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGT) capable of adding at least one glucose unit to the steviol glycoside to provide the target steviol glycoside, wherein the UGT is selected from the group consisting of: UGT of Solanum lycoperiscum origin (UGTSL); UGTSL2; UGTSL produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (UGTSL Sc); UGTs having >85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 12; and isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding UGTSL, and UGTSL Sc;
said microorganism further optionally comprising UDP-glucose recycling enzymes; and
(c) contacting the microorganism containing the enzyme with a medium containing the starting composition to produce a medium comprising at least one target steviol glycoside.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
d. separating the target steviol glycoside from the medium to provide a highly purified target steviol glycoside composition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is provided as a biocatalyst selected from the group consisting of whole cell suspension, crude lysate or purified enzymes in free or immobilized form.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target steviol glycoside is produced within a cell or in the medium and is separated using crystallization, separation by membranes, centrifugation, extraction, chromatographic separation or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the target steviol glycoside content is at least 95% by weight on a dry weight basis.