Resistance heater rod and method of making such
A resistive heater capable of delivering heat loads on the same order as those produced by in-pile nuclear fuel experiments. The heater rod provides the energy for high-temperature steady-state testing, as well as the power needed to simulate the transient pulse in the Transient Reactor Test Loop (TRTL) system. The resistive heater includes a removable housing, two or more thermal conductors in the housing; and one or more stabilizers coupled to the two or more thermal conductors to keep the two or more thermal conductors separated to avoid shorting, wherein the two or more thermal conductors are coupled to the housing via an inert gas (e.g., Helium). The two or more thermal conductors comprise a material with substantially zero infrared spectrum (e.g., sapphire, silica, or glass).
1. A heater-rod comprising:
a housing comprising a cladding material;
two or more thermal conductors in the housing;
one or more stabilizers coupled to the two or more thermal conductors to keep the two or more thermal conductors separated to avoid electrical short among the two or more thermal conductors, wherein the two or more thermal conductors are coupled to the housing via an inert gas; and
at least a first section and a second section with a first diameter and a second diameter, respectively, wherein the second diameter is shorter than the first diameter, and wherein the two or more thermal conductors pass through the first section and the second section.
2. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the two or more thermal conductors comprise a material with substantially zero infrared spectrum.
3. The heater-rod of claim 2 , wherein the material includes one of: sapphire, silica, or glass.
4. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the two or more thermal conductors are covered with a material with substantially zero infrared spectrum.
5. The heater-rod of claim 4 , wherein the material includes one of: sapphire, silica, or glass.
6. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas comprises He.
7. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the one or more stabilizers comprises one of a ceramic or a thermoplastic polyester.
8. The heater-rod of claim 7 , wherein the thermoplastic polyester includes polylactic acid.
9. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the cladding material includes one or more of: stainless steel, zirconium, nickel, iron, incoloy, or nickel-based alloy.
10. The heater-rod of claim 1 , wherein the housing is removable.
11. The heater-rod of claim 1 comprises an interface coupled to the first section, wherein the two or more thermal conductors include a first thermal conductor and a second thermal conductor, wherein the interface comprises holes to access the first thermal conductor and the second thermal conductor, and wherein the interface is to establish a pressure boundary for the first section and the second section.
12. The heater-rod of claim 1 comprises a pipe in the housing, wherein the pipe has a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening is to receive the inert gas, and wherein the second opening is to provide the inert gas in the housing.
13. The heater-rod of claim 1 comprises a pressure regulator to control pressure of the inert gas in the housing.
14. An apparatus comprising:
a pulse generator to generate a current and/or voltage pulse;
a housing comprising a cladding material;
two or more thermal conductors in the housing, wherein the two or more thermal conductors are to receive the current and/or voltage pulse from the pulse generator;
one or more stabilizers coupled to the two or more thermal conductors to keep the two or more thermal conductors separated to avoid electrical short among the two or more thermal conductors, wherein the two or more thermal conductors are coupled to the housing via an inert gas; and
a first section and a second section with a first diameter and a second diameter, respectively, wherein the second diameter is shorter than the first diameter, and wherein the two or more thermal conductors pass through the first section and the second section.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the two or more thermal conductors comprise a material with substantially zero infrared spectrum.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the material includes one of: sapphire, silica, or glass.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the inert gas comprises He, wherein the one or more stabilizers comprises of one a ceramic or a thermoplastic polyester, and wherein the housing is removable.