Methods and systems for emissions control in solvent-based CO2 capture processes using CO2

1. An integrated method for reducing emission of amines to the atmosphere, the method comprising:

introducing a gas containing CO 2 into an absorber;

flowing the gas through the absorber having an absorbent comprising a water-lean solution having less than 50% water and one or more amines, the absorbent capturing the CO 2 and forming a reduced CO 2 content gas having a baseline CO 2 content; and

washing the reduced CO 2 content gas in a wash column with a wash solution comprising carbonic acid formed by addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution, wherein the carbonic acid is formed directly from CO 2 in a syngas, a natural gas, a coal flue gas or a natural gas flue gas,

wherein the washing a) removes the amines from the reduced CO 2 content gas and b) produces a reduced amine content gas exiting from the wash column.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution comprises adding the gaseous CO 2 into a sump of the wash column from which the wash solution is sent to a top of the wash column.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution comprises adding the gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution after the solution is removed from a sump of the wash column and sent to an acidification vessel to form a carbonated wash solution from which the carbonated wash solution is sent to a top of the wash column.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution comprises adding the gaseous CO 2 into an acidification vessel at a regulated pressure from which the wash solution is sent to the top of the wash column.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution increases the baseline CO 2 content exiting the absorber by only 0.1-10% of the flue gas CO 2 content.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution results in a reduction of amine content in the reduced amine content gas exiting from the wash column as the pH of the wash solution decreases.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the wash solution is maintained between 6.0-8.0 during the washing.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein

the baseline CO 2 content of the reduced CO 2 content gas exiting the absorber ranges from 1 to 10% of total gas exiting the absorber,

a pH range of the wash solution is maintained between 6 to 8,

an amine concentration in the reduced CO 2 content gas prior to washing ranges from 20 to 2000 ppm, and

the reduced amine content of the reduced amine content gas exiting from the wash column is reduced to a range from 1 to 50 ppm.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein, upon the addition of gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution, an increase of the CO 2 content in the wash solution is no more than 5% of the baseline CO 2 content.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amine concentration in the reduced CO 2 content gas exiting the absorber prior to washing ranges from 20 to 2000 ppm.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water-lean solution of one or more amines comprises less than 40 wt. % water.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, diamines, triamines, tetraamines, pentamines, cyclic amines, cyclic diamines, amine oligomers, polyamines, alcoholamines, guanidines, amidines, and mixtures thereof.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diazabicyclo-undec-7-ene (“DBU”); 1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane; piperazine (“PZ”); triethylamine (“TEA”); 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (“TMG”); 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene; monoethanolamine (“MEA”); diethylamine (“DEA”); ethylenediamine (“EDA”); 1,3-diamino propane; 1,4-diaminobutane; hexamethylenediamine; 1,7-diaminoheptane; diethanolamine; diisopropylamine (“DIPA”); 4-aminopyridine; pentylamine; hexylamine; heptylamine; octylamine; nonylamine; decylamine; tert-octylamine; dioctylamine; dihexylamine; 2-ethyl-1-hexylamine; 2-fluorophenethylamine; 3-fluorophenethylamine; 3,5-difluorobenzylamine; 3-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; 4-fluoro-N-methylbenzylamine; imidazole; benzimidazole; N-methyl imidazole; 1-trifluoroacetylimidazole; 1,2,3-triazole; 1,2,4-triazole; and mixtures thereof.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the addition of the gaseous CO 2 comprises introducing into the wash column a flow of at least one of CO 2 , CO 2 and N 2 , CO 2 and O 2 and N 2 , a flue gas, a syngas, a natural gas, and CO 2 captured from the absorbent and later released.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wash column has an initial CO 2 partial pressure of 0.0015 MPa and the addition of the gaseous CO 2 into the wash column increases a partial pressure of CO 2 to 0.0125 to 0.1 MPa for respective CO 2 concentrations from 12.5% to 100%.

16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

in a regenerator, regenerating CO 2 from the amine.

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

recycling the CO 2 that comes out of the regenerator.

18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

capturing CO 2 that does not absorb into the wash solution after the addition of the regenerated CO 2 into the wash solution.

19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

using regenerated CO 2 for the addition of the gaseous CO 2 into the wash solution.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the absorbent comprises an aqueous alkaline absorbent.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonic acid is formed from CO 2 in a coal flue gas.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbonic acid is formed from CO 2 in a natural gas flue gas.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 in the syngas, the natural gas, the coal flue gas or the natural gas flue gas is concentrated so as to generate a higher CO 2 partial pressure.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 in the syngas, the natural gas, the coal flue gas or the natural gas flue gas is pressurized so as to generate a higher CO 2 partial pressure in the wash solution.