System and method for dynamically estimating inverter-based resource reactive power capability

1. A method for controlling a power system, the method comprising:

generating, via at least one inverter-based resource of the power system, one or more command signals via a regulator of at least one inverter-based resource;

dynamically estimating, via the at least one inverter-based resource, a reactive power capability of the at least one inverter-based resource based, at least in part, on a reactive power feedback signal, the one or more command signals, and upper and lower limits of the regulator, wherein the reactive power capability comprises a reactive power capability upper value and a reactive power capability lower value, and wherein if the one or more command signals equal the upper limit, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to the reactive power feedback signal and the reactive power capability lower value equal to a lower reactive power equipment rating for the at least one inverter-based resource;

sending, via the at least one inverter-based resource, the reactive power capability to a system-level controller of the power system; and,

controlling the power system based on the reactive power capability.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more command signals comprise at least one of voltage command signals, reactive power command signals, or reactive current command signals.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein dynamically estimating the reactive power capability of the at least one inverter-based resource further comprises:

if the one or more command signals equal the lower limit, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to a upper reactive power equipment rating for the at least one inverter-based resource and the reactive power capability lower value equal to the reactive power feedback signal.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein dynamically estimating the reactive power capability of the at least one inverter-based resource further comprises:

if the one or more command signals do not equal the upper or lower limits, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to the upper reactive power equipment rating for the at least one inverter-based resource and the reactive power capability lower value equal to the lower reactive power equipment rating for the at least one inverter-based resource.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the reactive power capability to the system-level controller further comprises:

sending, via the at least one inverter-based resource, the reactive power capability upper value and the reactive power capability lower value to the system-level controller; and,

setting upper and lower limits of a regulator of the system-level controller equal to the reactive power capability upper and lower values from the at least one inverter-based resource.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein controlling the power system based on the reactive power capability further comprises:

generating a reactive power command for the at least one inverter-based resource using the regulator of the system-level controller with the reactive power capability upper and lower values from the at least one inverter-based resource set as the upper and lower limits of the regulator of the system-level controller.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the power system comprises a plurality of inverter-based resources, the at least one inverter-based resource being one of the plurality of inverter-based resources.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

generating, via a plurality of inverter-based resources, a plurality of the one or more command signals via a plurality of regulators from the plurality of inverter-based resources;

dynamically estimating, via the plurality of inverter-based resources, a plurality of reactive power capabilities for the inverter-based resources based, at least in part, on the plurality of the one or more command signals;

sending, via the plurality of inverter-based resources, the plurality of reactive power capabilities for the inverter-based resources to the system-level controller; and,

controlling the power system based on the plurality of reactive power capabilities.

9. A wind farm, comprising:

a plurality of wind turbine generators;

a plurality of turbine-level controllers for controlling the plurality of wind turbine generators; and,

a farm-level controller commutatively coupled to the plurality of turbine-level controllers,

wherein each of the turbine-level controllers perform a plurality of operations, the plurality of operations comprising:

generating one or more command signals via a regulator of a respective wind turbine generator of the plurality of wind turbine generators of the wind farm;

dynamically estimating a reactive power capability of the respective wind turbine generator based, at least in part, on a reactive power feedback signal, the one or more command signals, and upper and lower limits of the regulator, wherein the reactive power capability comprises a reactive power capability upper value and a reactive power capability lower value, and wherein if the one or more command signals equal the upper limit, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to the reactive power feedback signal and the reactive power capability lower value equal to a lower reactive power equipment rating for the at least one inverter-based resource; and,

sending the reactive power capability to the farm-level controller, wherein the farm-level controller controls the wind farm based on the reactive power capability.

10. The wind farm of claim 9 , wherein dynamically estimating the reactive power capability of the respective wind turbine generator further comprises:

if the one or more command signals equal the lower limit, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to a upper reactive power equipment rating for the respective wind turbine generator and the reactive power capability lower value equal to the reactive power feedback signal.

11. The wind farm of claim 10 , wherein dynamically estimating the reactive power capability of the respective wind turbine generator further comprises:

if the one or more command signals do not equal the upper or lower limits, then setting the reactive power capability upper value equal to the upper reactive power equipment rating for the respective wind turbine generator and the reactive power capability lower value equal to the lower reactive power equipment rating for the respective wind turbine generator.

12. The wind farm of claim 9 , wherein sending the reactive power capability to the farm-level controller further comprises:

sending the reactive power capability upper value and the reactive power capability lower value to the farm-level controller; and,

setting upper and lower limits of a regulator of the farm-level controller equal to the reactive power capability upper and lower values from one or more of the plurality of turbine-level controllers, and

wherein controlling the wind farm based on the reactive power capability further comprises:

generating a reactive power command for one or more of the plurality of wind turbine generators using the regulator of the farm-level controller with the reactive power capability upper and lower values from one or more of the plurality of turbine-level controllers set as the upper and lower limits of the regulator of the farm-level controller.

13. The wind farm of claim 12 , wherein the reactive power commands are distributed to the plurality of inverter-based resources so as to have unconstrained inverter-based resources within the power system compensate for any reduction in reactive power capabilities due to constrained inverter-based resources within the power system.