Electromagnetic marker devices with separate receive and transmit antenna elements
A marker device embodiment may include separate concentrically-oriented receive and transmit antenna elements coupled to an ASIC which includes electronics to receive an input signal at a first frequency from a transmitter, convert the input signal to a power supply to power the electronic circuit, generate, in response to the input signal, an output signal at a second frequency different from the first frequency, and provide the output signal, via the transmit antenna element, to an above-ground receiver for assistance in determining the location of a buried utility.
1. A marker device for use with a buried utility locating system, comprising:
a housing comprising a material having a low dielectric constant;
a receive antenna element comprising one or more conductive windings tuned to an input signal at a first frequency;
a transmit antenna element comprising one or more conductive windings to broadcast an output signal at a second frequency, different from the first frequency, and positioned to be physically separated concentrically from the receive antenna element so as decouple the resonance of the separate antenna elements;
an electronic circuit comprising:
a printed circuit board electrically coupled separately to conductive windings of the receive and transmit antenna elements, the circuit board including electrical traces and connecting elements to electrically couple the conductive windings to the electrical traces on the circuit board;
an input circuit to receive, via the receive antenna element, the input signal at the first frequency from an above-ground transmitter;
a power circuit to convert the input signal to a power supply for powering the electronic circuit;
a processing element to generate an output signal at a second frequency responsive to the input signal wherein the second frequency is outside the resonant range of the first frequency; and
an output circuit to provide the output signal to the transmit antenna element to be broadcast to an above-ground receiver to assist in determining a location of the buried object.
2. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive windings are shaped in a loop.
3. The marker device of claim 1 , further comprising a platform disposed in the middle of the housing having a surface shaped and textured for securing labels.
4. The marker device of claim 3 , wherein the platform is moveably coupled to the housing to reduce transfer stress and/or deformation of the antenna elements.
5. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the receive antenna windings are spaced outward, concentrically, from the transmit antenna windings.
6. The marker device of claim 2 , wherein the receive and/or transmit antenna windings comprise copper and are tuned, respectively, to the first and second frequencies.
7. The marker device of claim 6 , wherein the transmit antenna windings are tuned to the second frequency by selecting the number of turns of the windings to correspond with the second frequency.
8. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuit comprises an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
9. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the above-ground transmitter is integrated in a magnetic field sensing buried utility locating device.
10. The marker device of claim 9 , wherein the above-ground receiver comprises the antenna arrays and receiver circuit of a magnetic field sensing buried utility locating device.
11. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the above-ground receiver comprises the antenna arrays and receiver circuit of a magnetic field sensing buried utility locating device.
12. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive windings of the receive antenna element and the transmit antenna element are traces on the printed circuit board.
13. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuit further includes one or more non-transitory memories for storing programmed instruction to control the marker device.
14. The marker device of claim 1 , further including desiccant disposed internal to the housing.
15. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the marker device is disposed in a hollow ball partially filled with fluid and weighted so that it floats in the fluid, making the marker device self-righting.
16. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the marker device is disposed in a hollow ball weighted along one side.
17. The marker device of claim 16 , wherein the hollow ball is filled with a dielectric gas.
18. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the low dielectric material comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, or polystyrene.
19. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the housing is disk-shaped.
20. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the printed circuit board is disk-shaped.
21. The marker device of claim 1 , wherein the second frequency is the first frequency divided down by 128.