Thalidomide analogs and methods of use
Thalidomide analogs and methods of using the thalidomide analogs are disclosed. Some embodiments of the disclosed compounds exhibit anti-angiogenic and/or anti-inflammatory activity. Certain embodiments of the disclosed compounds are non-teratogenic.
1. A method for inhibiting TNF-α activity, TNF-α synthesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, or a combination thereof, comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a thalidomide analog or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the thalidomide analog selected from compound 7, compound 9, compound 44, compound 69, compound 72, compound 76, compound 77, or any combination thereof:
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thalidomide analog is non-teratogenic in a zebrafish embryo assay and/or a chicken embryo assay at a concentration within a range of 10-200 μg/mL.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, compound 72, compound 77, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or any combination thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein contacting the cell with an effective amount of the thalidomide analog comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the thalidomide analog or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the thalidomide analog is non-teratogenic in a zebrafish embryo assay and/or a chicken embryo assay at a concentration within a range of 10-200 μg/mL.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, compound 72, compound 77, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or any combination thereof.
7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the subject has an inflammatory disorder or an autoimmune disorder.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the subject has sarcopenia, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, immune arthritis, degenerative arthritis, celiac disease, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, prostatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, graft-versus-host disease, interstitial cystitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease; autoimmune pancreatitis, Sjogren's syndrome, myocarditis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune angioedema, bullous pemphigoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, erythema nodosum leprosum, sarcoidosis, pemphigus vulgaris psoriasis, POEMS syndrome, polymyositis, human immune deficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, vasculitis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus dementia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a tauopathy, peripheral neuropathy, macular degeneration, hearing loss, cochlear injury, epilepsy, a non-epileptic seizure disorder, or major depressive disorder.
9. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the thalidomide analog possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition inhibits inflammation in the subject.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, compound 72, compound 76, compound 77, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or any combination thereof.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the subject has an inflammatory disorder, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to the subject treats the inflammatory disorder.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the inflammatory disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder or sarcopenia.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neurodegeneration resulting from traumatic brain injury, neurodegeneration resulting from spinal cord injury, neurodegeneration resulting from stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, human immunodeficiency virus dementia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, a tauopathy, or macular degeneration.
14. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the thalidomide analog possesses anti-angiogenic properties, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to the subject inhibits angiogenesis in the subject.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 69.
16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein inhibiting angiogenesis in the subject inhibits tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, or angiogenesis-mediated retinopathy.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the tumor is a primary or metastatic solid tumor.
18. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, parenterally, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally, topically, optically, by inhalation spray, or via an implanted reservoir.
19. The method according to claim 4 , further comprising administering to the subject a second therapeutic agent.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the second therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent, an anti-angiogenic agent, or an anti-inflammatory agent.