Catalytic articles
Catalytic articles comprising a substrate having a catalytic coating thereon, the catalytic coating comprising a catalytic layer having a thickness and an inner surface proximate to the substrate and an outer surface distal to the substrate; where the catalytic layer comprises a noble metal component on support particles and where the concentration of the noble metal component towards the outer surface is greater than the concentration towards the inner surface are highly effective towards treating exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines. The articles are prepared via a method comprising providing a first mixture comprising micron-scaled support particles and applying the first mixture to a substrate to form a micro-particle layer; providing a second mixture comprising nano-scaled support particles and a noble metal component having an initial pH and applying the second mixture to the micro-particle layer and calcining the substrate.
1. A method of treating an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust stream with a catalytic article, the catalytic article comprising:
a substrate having a catalytic coating thereon, the catalytic coating comprising:
a catalytic layer having a thickness, an inner surface proximate to the substrate, and an outer surface distal to the substrate,
wherein the catalytic layer comprises a noble metal component on support particles, wherein the concentration of the noble metal component towards the outer surface is greater than the concentration towards the inner surface, and wherein the catalytic layer comprises support particles having a bimodal particle size distribution comprising micron-scaled particles and nano-scaled particles.
2. A method of making a catalytic article, the method comprising:
providing a first mixture comprising micron-scaled support particles and applying the first mixture to a substrate to form a micro-particle layer;
providing a second mixture comprising nano-scaled support particles and a noble metal component having an initial pH and applying the second mixture to the micro-particle layer; and
calcining the substrate, wherein the catalytic article comprises support particles having a bimodal particle size distribution comprising micron-scaled particles and nano-scaled particles.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the micron-scaled particles have an average particle size from about 1 to about 11 microns and the nano-scaled particles have an average particle size of ≤950 nm.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the second mixture is a sol or a colloidal dispersion.
5. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising adjusting the initial pH of the second mixture to ≤6.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the second mixture further comprises an organic dicarboxylic acid.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the first mixture further comprises micron-scaled oxygen storage component particles and/or the second mixture further comprises nano-scaled oxygen storage component particles.
8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the second mixture is a sol.
9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the second mixture comprises a zirconium sol, an aluminum sol and a cerium sol.