Microbial-based process for high quality protein concentrate
The present invention describes a bio-based process to produce high quality protein concentrate (HQPC) by converting plant derived celluloses into bioavailable protein via aerobic incubation, including the use of such HQPC so produced as a nutrient, including use as a fish meal replacement in aquaculture diets.
1. A method of producing a high protein dried distiller's grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) protein concentrate comprising:
a. optionally, extruding plant material comprising DDGS at above room temperature to form a mash and, optionally, adding one or more cellulose degrading enzymes to release sugars into the mash;
b. transferring the mash to a bioreactor;
c. inoculating the mash in the bioreactor with at least one microbe, which microbe converts plant materials into biomass;
d. recovering the inoculated material via hydrodynamic force;
e. separating the resulting supernatant and solids; and
f. drying said solids,
wherein the resulting HP-DDGS protein concentrate comprises proteins, microbes, and exopolysaccharides and has a higher protein content than the plant material comprising DDGS not exposed to said process steps.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solids are optionally washed and re-exposed to hydrodynamic force prior to drying.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbes are selected from Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerotium glucanicum, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Ralstonia eutropha, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Kluyveromyces spp, Pichia spp, Trichoderma reesei, Pleurotus ostreatus, Rhizopus spp, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DDGS is low oil or dry fractionation (dryfrac) DDGS.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the DDGS is low oil DDGS.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the DDGS is dryfrac DDGS.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one microbe is Aureobasidium pullulans selected from the group consisting of NRRL No. 50792, NRRL No. 50793, NRRL No. 50794, NRRL No. 50795, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one microbe is NRRL 50793.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DDGS is from corn, and wherein the method further comprises evaporating the supernatant to form condensed corn solubles (CCS).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein extrusion comprises applying DDGS having a moisture content of about 25%, and running at a (i) temperature of about 100° C. to about 160° C. and (ii) screw speed of about 200 rpm.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the DDGS is from corn, and wherein about 36% of the sugar is recovered from the corn fiber present in the DDGS.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the DDGS is low oil DDGS, and wherein said low oil DDGS increases the growth rate of A. pullulans compared to conventional DDGS.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing the DDGS with water to achieve a solids loading rate of at least 5% in the bioreactor.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising autoclaving the mash.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein recovery by hydrodynamic force is selected from the group consisting of centrifugation, filtration, spray drying and combinations thereof.
16. A composition comprising the concentrate produced by the method of claim 1 .
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the at least one microbe is Aureobasidium pullulans selected from the group consisting of NRRL No. 50792, NRRL No. 50793, NRRL No. 50794, NRRL No. 50795, and combinations thereof.
18. An animal feed comprising the HP-DDGS protein concentrate of claim 16 , wherein said DDGS comprises at least 35% of said animal feed by weight.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the at least one microbe is NRRL 50793.
20. The composition of claim 16 , further comprising a component selected from the group consisting of wheat middlings, corn, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, distiller's wet grains (DWG), salt, macro-minerals, trace minerals vitamins, and combinations thereof.