Vaccines formed by virus and antigen conjugation
Disclosed herein are methods of forming compounds and exemplary compounds in the nature of a conjugated compound, which in some embodiments comprises an antigen and virus particle mixed in a conjugation reaction to form a conjugate mixture, such that the conditions and steps of forming these products allow for use of the conjugate mixture as a vaccine, including but not limited to use as a vaccine against various pathogens including for treatment of diseases caused by novel coronaviruses (including SARS-COV 2).
1. An antigen, comprising: a fusion peptide having a first peptide which comprises a receptor binding domain of a pathogen, and a second peptide wherein the fusion peptide is capable of being chemically linked with a virus particle, and wherein the second peptide is a fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of an antibody capable of binding to a Fc receptor.
2. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the Fc region is an Fc domain of an IgG1 antibody.
3. The antigen of claim 2 , wherein the Fc domain contains an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
4. The antigen of claim 1 , further comprising a hinge portion linking the first peptide and the second peptide.
5. The antigen of claim 4 , wherein the hinge portion is a portion of the Fc region of said antibody.
6. The antigen of claim 5 , wherein the hinge portion contains an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3.
7. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is a coronavirus having said receptor binding domain.
8. The antigen of claim 7 , wherein the coronavirus is chosen from the group consisting of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
9. The antigen of claim 8 , wherein the receptor binding domain of the coronavirus is located on a S-1 subunit of a spike protein of the coronavirus and comprises contact residues located in a range from about position 289 to about position 662, wherein the contact residues contact an ACE-2 receptor on a cell of a mammalian subject.
10. The antigen of claim 9 , wherein the contact residues are located in a range from about position 301 to about position 662 of the S-1 subunit.
11. The antigen of claim 9 , wherein the receptor binding domain of the coronavirus lacks an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
12. The antigen of claim 7 , wherein the coronavirus is a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
13. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the fusion peptide chemically associates with surface lysine residues of a carrier, the carrier comprising a virus particle having the surface lysine residues.
14. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the first peptide contains an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
15. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the first peptide contains an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8.
16. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a recombinant antigen.
17. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the virus particle is a virus.
18. The antigen of claim 17 , wherein the virus is a tobacco mosaic virus.
19. A vaccine, comprising at least one antigen as recited in claim 1 and a carrier comprising a virus particle, wherein the at least one antigen is chemically linked to said virus particle.
20. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein the pathogen of the at least one antigen is a coronavirus having said receptor binding domain.
21. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein when the virus particle releases the at least one antigen in a mammalian subject having cells that include one or more ACE-2 receptors, the at least one antigen binds to the one or more ACE-2 receptors.
22. The vaccine of claim 21 , wherein the pathogen of the antigen is a coronavirus chosen from the group consisting of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.
23. The vaccine of claim 22 , wherein the receptor binding domain of the coronavirus is located on a S-1 subunit of a spike protein of the coronavirus and comprises contact residues located in a range from about position 289 to about position 662, wherein the contact residues contact an ACE-2 receptor on a cell of a mammalian subject.
24. The vaccine of claim 23 , wherein the contact residues are located in a range from about position 301 to about position 662 of the S-1 subunit.
25. The vaccine of claim 23 , wherein the receptor binding domain of the coronavirus lacks an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
26. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein the Fc region is an Fc domain of an IgG1 antibody.
27. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein the antigen further comprises a hinge portion linking the first peptide and the second peptide.
28. The vaccine of claim 27 , wherein the hinge portion is a portion of the Fc region of said antibody.
29. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein the virus particle is a virus.
30. The vaccine of claim 29 , wherein the virus is a tobacco mosaic virus.
31. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein a ratio of the virus particle and the at least one antigen is expressed as virus particle:antigen by wt, and said ratio is in a range between 1:1 and 8:1.
32. The vaccine of claim 19 , further comprising an adjuvant for enhancing an immune response of a mammalian subject to the vaccine, wherein the adjuvant is chosen from the group consisting of CpG, MPLA, and SE-M.
33. The vaccine of claim 31 , wherein the ratio of the virus particle and the at least one antigen is about 8:1.
34. The antigen of claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is a coronavirus having said receptor binding domain, wherein said receptor binding domain of the coronavirus lacks an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
35. The vaccine of claim 19 , wherein the pathogen of the at least one antigen is a coronavirus having said receptor binding domain, wherein said receptor binding domain of the coronavirus lacks an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.