System and apparatus for energy conversion
A system for energy conversion including a closed cycle engine containing a volume of working fluid is provided. The engine includes a double-ended piston assembly including a pair of pistons coupled to a connection member. An expansion chamber is separated from a compression chamber by the piston. The engine defines an outer end and an inner end relative to a lateral extension of the piston assembly. A heater body is positioned thermally proximal to the expansion chamber and thermally distal to the compression chamber, and the heater body is positioned at the outer end of the engine. A load device is operably coupled to the piston assembly at the inner end of the engine. The load device is positioned between the pair of pistons of the piston assembly.
1. An energy conversion system, comprising:
a closed cycle engine comprising a regenerator having a regenerator body, a piston assembly comprising a first piston, a first piston body defining a first piston chamber, a second piston, and a second piston body defining a second piston chamber, the first piston disposed within the first piston chamber, the second piston disposed within the second piston chamber;
wherein the closed cycle engine is oriented along a lateral axis, wherein the first piston body defines a first distal portion of the closed cycle engine and the second piston body defines a second distal portion of the closed cycle engine, the first distal portion and the second distal portion disposed at opposite regions of the lateral axis; and
wherein the closed cycle engine comprises at least one of:
a first plurality of working-fluid pathways providing fluid communication between the first piston chamber at the first piston body and the second piston chamber at the second piston body; or
a second plurality of working-fluid pathways providing fluid communication between the second piston chamber at the second piston body and the first piston chamber at the first piston body; and
wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways and/or the second plurality of working-fluid pathways include: i) a plurality of hot-side working fluid pathways providing fluid communication between a plurality of first piston chamber apertures of the first piston chamber containing the first piston and a plurality of regenerator apertures of the regenerator body of the regenerator; and ii) a plurality of cold-side working fluid pathways providing fluid communication between a second plurality of regenerator apertures of the regenerator body and a plurality of second piston chamber apertures of the second piston chamber containing the second piston,
wherein the regenerator body defines a hot-side portion comprising a hot-side regenerator conduit and a hot-side plurality of fin arrays adjacently disposed within the hot-side regenerator conduit and a cold-side portion comprising a cold-side regenerator conduit and a cold-side plurality of fin arrays adjacently disposed within the cold-side regenerator conduit, the hot-side regenerator conduit and the hot-side plurality of fin arrays being longitudinally separated from the cold-side regenerator conduit and the cold-side plurality of fin arrays by a hot-to-cold gap to provide at least two thermally distinct thermal storage bodies within the regenerator body, the hot-to-cold gap being larger than gaps between individual fin arrays in each of the hot-side plurality of fin arrays and the cold-side plurality of fin arrays.
2. The energy conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the piston assembly comprises a connection member coupled to the first piston and the second piston at respectively opposite ends of the connection member.
3. The energy conversion system of claim 2 , wherein the closed cycle engine comprises:
a load device operably coupled to the piston assembly, the load device disposed between the first piston body and the second piston body, wherein the load device defines a proximal portion of the closed cycle engine in relation to the lateral axis.
4. The energy conversion system of claim 3 , wherein the piston assembly comprises a dynamic member, wherein the load device comprises a machine body and a stator assembly housed by the machine body, the machine body disposed laterally between the first piston and the second piston, and wherein the stator assembly at least partially surrounds the dynamic member.
5. The energy conversion system of claim 2 , wherein the first piston chamber comprises a first expansion chamber and a first compression chamber, wherein the first piston separates the first expansion chamber from the first compression chamber, and wherein the second piston chamber comprises a second expansion chamber and a second compression chamber, wherein the second piston separates the second expansion chamber from the second compression chamber.
6. The energy conversion system of claim 5 , wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways provide fluid communication between the first expansion chamber and the second compression chamber; or
wherein the second plurality of working-fluid pathways provide fluid communication between the second expansion chamber and the first compression chamber.
7. The energy conversion system of claim 5 , wherein the first piston body comprises a first dome structure defining a portion of the first expansion chamber, and wherein the second piston body comprises a second dome structure defining a portion of the second expansion chamber; and
wherein the first piston has a rounded shape corresponding to the first dome structure, and
wherein the second piston has a rounded shape corresponding to the second dome structure.
8. The energy conversion system of claim 5 , comprising at least one of:
a first heater body disposed in proximity to the first piston body, wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the first heater body; or
a second heater body disposed in proximity to the second piston body, wherein the second plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the second heater body.
9. The energy conversion system of claim 8 , wherein at least a portion of the first heater body is disposed laterally distal to the first piston body in relation to the lateral axis, and wherein at least a portion of the second heater body is disposed laterally distal to the second piston body in relation to the lateral axis.
10. The energy conversion system of claim 8 , wherein the first heater body is disposed proximal to the first expansion chamber and distal to the first compression chamber, and wherein the second heater body is disposed proximal to the second expansion chamber and distal to the second compression chamber.
11. The energy conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the piston assembly is a free piston assembly.
12. The energy conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the first piston body defines an additional first piston chamber and the second piston body defines an additional second piston chamber;
wherein the first piston chamber comprises a first expansion chamber and a first compression chamber, and wherein the second piston chamber comprises a second expansion chamber and a second compression chamber;
wherein the additional first piston chamber comprises an additional first expansion chamber and an additional first compression chamber, and wherein the additional second piston chamber comprises an additional second expansion chamber and an additional second compression chamber.
13. The energy conversion system of claim 12 , wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways provide fluid communication between the first expansion chamber at the first piston body and the second piston chamber at the second piston body, and
wherein the closed-cycle engine further comprises:
an additional first plurality of working-fluid pathways providing fluid communication between the additional first piston chamber at the first piston body and the additional second expansion chamber at the second piston body.
14. The energy conversion system of claim 13 , comprising:
a first heater body disposed in proximity to the first piston body, wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways and the additional first plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the first heater body; and
a first cold side heat exchanger, wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways and the additional first plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the first cold side heat exchanger.
15. The energy conversion system of claim 12 , wherein the second plurality of working-fluid pathways provide fluid communication between the second compression chamber at the second piston body and the first piston chamber at the first piston body, and
wherein the closed-cycle engine further comprises:
an additional second plurality of working-fluid pathways that provide fluid communication between the additional second piston chamber at the second piston body and the additional first compression chamber at the first piston body.
16. The energy conversion system of claim 15 , comprising:
a second heater body disposed in proximity to the second piston body, wherein the second plurality of working-fluid pathways and the additional second plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the second heater body; and
a second cold side heat exchanger, wherein the second plurality of working-fluid pathways and the additional second plurality of working-fluid pathways are in thermal communication with the second cold side heat exchanger.
17. The energy conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the first piston body defines a plurality of first piston chambers, the second piston body defines a plurality of second piston chambers, and wherein the closed cycle engine comprises a plurality of piston assemblies, respective ones of the plurality of piston assemblies comprising a respective first piston disposed within a respective one of the plurality of first piston chambers, a respective second piston disposed within a respective one of the plurality of second piston chambers, and a respective connection member coupled to the respective first piston and the respective second piston at respectively opposite ends of the respective connection member;
wherein the plurality of first piston chambers are disposed in circumferential arrangement about the first piston body relative to the lateral axis of the closed cycle engine, and wherein the plurality of second piston chambers are disposed in circumferential arrangement about the second piston body relative to the lateral axis of the closed cycle engine.
18. The energy conversion system of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of first piston chambers, respectively, comprise a first expansion chamber and a first compression chamber, and wherein the plurality of second piston chambers, respectively, comprise a second expansion chamber and a second compression chamber.
19. The energy conversion system of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of working-fluid pathways extend between respective first ends and second ends, the first ends being defined by respective ones of a plurality of piston chamber apertures defined at a dome structure of the first piston body and the second ends being defined by respective ones of a plurality of piston chamber apertures defined at a planar structure of the second piston body.