Thermoplastic vulcanizate composition with bi-continuous nanostructured morphology
A thermoplastic vulcanizate composition, comprising a first phase bi-continuously intertwined with from about 10 wt % to 80 wt % of a second phase throughout the composition, and from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a curative system, the first phase comprising polypropylene and the second phase comprising an at least partially cured elastomeric rubber composition, comprising from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % ethylene, from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a conjugated diene having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and from about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of a C 4 -C 8 alpha olefin, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present. A process for making is also disclosed.
1. A thermoplastic vulcanizate composition, comprising a first phase bi-continuously intertwined with from about 10 wt % to 80 wt % of a second phase throughout the composition, and from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a curative system, the first phase comprising polypropylene and the second phase comprising an at least partially cured elastomeric rubber composition, comprising from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % ethylene, from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a conjugated diene having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and from about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of a C 4 -C 8 alpha olefin, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present.
2. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric rubber composition comprises about 50 wt % to about 70 wt % of the C 4 -C 8 alpha olefin, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present.
3. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric rubber composition comprises from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % ethylene, from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % ethylidene norbornene, and from about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of 1-butene, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present.
4. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 3 , wherein the elastomeric rubber composition has a number averaged molecular weight of about 100,000 g/mol to about 400,000 g/mol.
5. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 3 , wherein the elastomeric rubber composition comprises a melt index of less than 5 g/10 min @230° C./2.16 kg, when determined according to ASTM D 1238.
6. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the first and second phases form a bi-continuous nanostructure morphology throughout the composition comprising a plurality of portions in which the first phase is dispersed within the second phase within an area of less than 1 μm 2 , and a plurality of portions in which the second phase is dispersed within the first phase within an area of less than 1 μm 2 .
7. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the first phase consists essentially of isotactic polypropylene homopolymer and the second phase consists essentially of amorphous butene-ethylene-ethylidene norbornene terpolymer comprising greater than or equal to about 10 wt % and less than or equal to about 40 wt % ethylene.
8. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , comprising from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % of the second phase, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition.
9. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the first phase and the second phase are fully melt-miscible at a temperature above the melting points of both the first and the second phases.
10. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , further comprising greater than or equal to about 1 part per hundred rubber to less than or equal to about 500 parts per hundred rubber of a paraffinic oil, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present.
11. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 1 part per hundred rubber to 200 parts per hundred rubber of a paraffinic oil, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber composition present.
12. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a single glass transition temperature, when determined according to ASTM D4440.
13. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a Shore A hardness of less than or equal to about 70 when determined according to ASTM D2240.
14. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a flexural modulus of less than or equal to about 150 MPa when determined according to ASTM D790.
15. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having an elongation at break of greater than or equal to about 400% when determined according to ASTM D638.
16. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a tensile stress at break of less than 20 MPa when determined according to ASTM D638.
17. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a hysteresis J of less than 2.5 MPa when determined according to ASTM D624.
18. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , having a tensile set of less than about 80% when determined according to ASTM D624.
19. An article comprising the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 .
20. The thermoplastic vulcanizate composition of claim 1 , wherein the second phase comprises less than 0.1 wt % propylene.
21. A process to produce a thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprising:
a) combining:
i) a first component comprising propylene;
ii) from 10 wt % to 80 wt % of a second elastomeric rubber component comprising from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % ethylene and from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % of a conjugated diene having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and from about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of a C 4 -C 8 alpha olefin; and
iii) from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a curative system, based on the total weight of the composition,
under melt conditions to form a melt mixture in which the first component and the second component are fully melt miscible; and
b) dynamically vulcanizing the composition to at least partially cure the elastomeric rubber component; and
c) cooling the melt mixture to form the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprising an intertwined bi-continuous nanostructure morphology throughout the composition comprising a plurality of portions in which the first phase is dispersed within the second phase within an area of less than 1 μm 2 , and a plurality of portions in which the second phase is dispersed within the first phase within an area of less than 1 μm 2 .
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the first phase consists essentially of isotactic polypropylene and the elastomeric rubber component comprises from about 10 wt % to about 40 wt % ethylene, from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % ethylidene norbornene, from about 50 wt % to about 85 wt % of 1-butene, and less than 0.1 wt % propylene, based on the total weight of the elastomeric rubber component present.
23. The process of claim 21 , further comprising combining from 1 part per hundred rubber to 200 parts per hundred rubber of a paraffinic oil with the first component and the second component under melt conditions, based on the total amount of the elastomeric rubber component present.
24. The process of claim 21 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition has: i) a single glass transition temperature, when determined according to ASTM D4440; ii) a Shore A hardness of less than or equal to about 70 when determined according to ASTM D2240; iii) a flexural modulus of less than or equal to about 150 MPa when determined according to ASTM D790; iv) an elongation at break of greater than or equal to about 400% when determined according to ASTM D638; v) a tensile stress at break of less than 20 MPa when determined according to ASTM D638; vi) a hysteresis J of less than 2.5 MPa when determined according to ASTM D624; vii) a tensile set of less than about 80% when determined according to ASTM D624; or a combination thereof.