Efficiently combining multiple taps of an optical filter
An optical filter comprises an array of waveguides fabricated on an optical integrated circuit (PIC). The array comprises individual waveguides, each of which receive light inputs, e.g., individual taps of a multi-tap optical filter used in an interference cancellation circuit. Typically, the output(s) of the individual waveguides are located at an exit (edge) of the PIC. At least one second waveguide in the array is patterned on the PIC in a converged configuration such that the light transiting these waveguides co-propagates and interacts across given portions of the respective waveguides before exiting the waveguide array along a common facet, thereby generating or inhibiting one of intermodulation products, and harmonics. This structural configuration enables the generation of various modes of transmission at the PIC exit, enabling more efficient transfer of the energy, e.g., to an associated photodetector (PD) that provides conversion of the energy to the RF domain.
1. A waveguide structure for optically coupling a first tap output of an optical filter assembly to a photodetector and a second tap output of the optical filter assembly to the photodetector, the waveguide structure comprising:
a substrate defined by a length;
a first optical waveguide disposed at least partially on the substrate and comprising:
a first inlet optically coupled to the first tap output;
a first linear region extending at least partially across the length of the substrate; and
a first transition region optically coupling the first linear region to a common output optically coupled to the photodetector; and
a second optical waveguide disposed at least partially on the substrate and comprising:
a second inlet optically coupled to the second tap output;
a second linear region extending at least partially across the length of the substrate parallel to the first linear region of the first optical waveguide; and
a second transition region converging toward the first transition region, the second optical waveguide optically coupling the second linear region to the common output;
wherein:
a distance separating the first optical waveguide from the second optical waveguide at a location along the length of the substrate facilitates a supermode of photons traversing the first optical waveguide and a supermode of photons traversing the second optical waveguide.
2. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the first optical waveguide is formed at least partially onto the substrate.
3. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , further comprising an isolation trench separating at least a portion of the first optical waveguide from at least a portion of the second optical waveguide.
4. The waveguide structure of claim 3 , wherein the isolation trench is formed from a material having a low refractive index.
5. The waveguide structure of claim 4 , wherein the isolation trench is an air trench.
6. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the location is within the first transition region.
7. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the second transition region overlaps at least a portion of the first linear region along the length of the substrate.
8. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the substrate forms at least a portion of a photonic integrated circuit.
9. The waveguide structure of claim 1 , wherein the first optical waveguide is coplanar with the second optical waveguide across the length of the substrate.
10. An on-chip structure for optically coupling an array of optical outputs of an optical filter assembly to a photodetector, the on-chip structure comprising:
a set of optical waveguides comprising:
a set of inlets physically separated from one another, each inlet optically coupled to a respective one optical output of the optical filter assembly; and
a common outlet, the common outlet optically coupled to each inlet of the set of inlets, the common output optically coupled to the photodetector; wherein:
a first optical waveguide of the set of optical waveguides has a first rectangular cross- sectional shape and a second optical waveguide of the set of optical waveguides has a second rectangular cross-sectional shape.
11. The on-chip structure of claim 10 , wherein each optical waveguide of the set of optical waveguides has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
12. The on-chip structure of claim 10 , wherein the first rectangular cross-sectional shape is different from the second rectangular cross-sectional shape.
13. The on-chip structure of claim 10 , further comprising a set of isolation trenches disposed between each of the set of optical waveguides.
14. The on-chip structure of claim 10 , wherein the set of optical waveguides are formed onto a substrate of a photonics integrated circuit.
15. An on-chip structure for optical coupling, the on-chip structure comprising:
a substrate defined by a first length; and
a first optical waveguide defining a first inlet and defined by a second length;
a second optical waveguide defining a second inlet and defined by a third length; and
a common output optically coupled to each of the first inlet and the second inlet;
wherein:
the first length is less than the second length and the second length is less than the third length; and
a distance separating the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide at a location along the length of the substrate facilitates a supermode of photons traversing the first optical.
16. The on-chip structure of claim 15 , wherein the first inlet and the second inlet are separated by a distance.
17. The on-chip structure of claim 15 , wherein at least a portion of the first optical waveguide is optically isolated from the second optical waveguide.
18. The on-chip structure of claim 15 , wherein the common output is optically coupled to a photodetector.