Methods of determining wellbore integrity
Methods of determining the integrity of a well are provided. The methods include mixing conductive materials into a fluid, introducing the fluid into the well, and allowing the conductive materials to coat a surface of a subsurface formation, thereby forming an electrically conductive data conduit coating. The methods further include transmitting data through the electrically conductive data conduit coating to determine the integrity of the well.
1. A method of determining integrity of a well comprising:
mixing insulating materials into a drilling fluid;
introducing the drilling fluid into the well;
allowing the insulating materials to coat a surface of a subsurface formation, thereby forming an electrically insulating layer;
mixing conductive materials into a fluid, the fluid comprising a spacer fluid, a cement slurry, or both;
introducing the fluid into the well;
allowing the conductive materials to coat a surface of a subsurface formation the electrically insulating layer, thereby forming an electrically conductive data conduit coating; and
transmitting data through the electrically conductive data conduit coating to determine the integrity of the well.
2. The method of claim 1 , in which transmitting data through the electrically conductive data conduit coating further comprises transmitting data to a surface of the well.
3. The method of claim 1 , in which:
the conductive materials comprise at least one of carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanosheets, or graphene; and
the carbon nanotubes are selected from single-walled nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, narrow-walled nanotubes, or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising cementing the well after allowing the conductive materials to coat the surface of the subsurface formation.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid mixed with the conductive material comprises the spacer fluid.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising cementing the well after allowing the conductive materials to coat the electrically insulating layer.
7. The method of claim 1 , in which the insulating materials comprise silica, colloidal silica, amine functionalized silica, amine functionalized colloidal silica or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , in which the electrically insulating layer has a relative static permittivity of from 2 to 25.
9. The method of claim 1 , in which the drilling fluid comprises at least one of natural oil, synthetic oil, diesel oil, mineral oil, hydrogenated olefins, and unhydrogenated olefins.
10. A method of determining integrity of a well comprising:
mixing insulating materials into a drilling fluid, in which the insulating materials comprise silica, colloidal silica, amine functionalized silica, amine functionalized colloidal silica or combinations thereof;
mixing conductive materials into a spacer fluid, in which the conductive materials comprise carbon nanotubes selected from single-walled nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, narrow-walled nanotubes, or combinations thereof;
introducing the drilling fluid into the well;
allowing the insulating materials to coat a surface of a subsurface formation, thereby forming an electrically insulating layer;
introducing the spacer fluid into the well;
allowing the conductive materials to coat the electrically insulating layer, thereby forming an electrically conductive data conduit coating;
introducing a cement slurry into the well;
cementing the well; and
transmitting data through the electrically conductive data conduit coating to a surface of the well to determine the integrity of the well.