Compositions and methods for treating, preventing or reversing age associated inflammation and disorders

1. A method for treating a disease, condition, or disorder in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of islatravir, censavudine, or elvucitabine to the patient, wherein the islatravir, censavudine, or elvucitabine prevents or reverses at least one of the upregulation of LINE-1 (L1), the accumulation of cytoplasmic L1 cDNA, the activation of an type-I interferon (IFN-I) response, or the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) pro-inflammatory state in the patient, and the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), atherosclerosis, autism spectrum disorder (ADS), autoimmune disease, cardiovascular dysfunction, dementia with lewy Bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), hearing loss, hematopoietic stem cell function, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), multi systems atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CDB), multiple sclerosis (MS), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, peripheral degenerative disease, progressive supra nuclear palsy (PSP), pulmonary fibrosis, Rett Syndrome, schizophrenia, vision loss, or Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease, ALS, FTD, PSP, or Rett Syndrome.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease or ALS, and the patient experiences a decrease in one or more symptoms of Alzheimer's disease or ALS after administration of islatravir, censavudine, or elvucitabine to the patient.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease, and the one or more symptoms comprise memory loss, misplacing items, forgetting the names of places or objects, repeating questions, being less flexible, confusion, disorientation, obsessive behavior, compulsive behavior, delusions, aphasia, disturbed sleep, mood swings, depression, anxiety, frustration, agitation, difficulty in performing spatial tasks, agnosia, difficulty with ambulation, weight loss, loss of speech, loss of short term memory or loss of long term memory.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease, and the decrease of symptoms is determined using the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog), the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change (CIBIC-plus), or the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL).

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the underlying pathology of the disease, condition, or disorder is identified by detection of a biomarker before and after administration of islatravir, censavudine, or elvucitabine to the patient.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the biomarker is β-amyloid or Tau protein.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is an autoimmune disease selected from Aicardi Goutiere's Syndrome (AGS), lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one second therapeutic agent useful for treating the disease, condition, or disorder.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least one second therapeutic agent is abacavir, a combination of abacavir and lamivudine, a combination of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine, a combination of lamivudine and zidovudine, lamivudine, zidovudine, a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide, didanosine, stavudine, apricitabine, alovudine, dexelvucitabine, amdoxovir, fosalvudine, elvucitabine, efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine or rilpivirine.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment, and the at least one second therapeutic agent is donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, bapineuzumab, ABBV-8E12, CTS-21166, verubecestat (MK-8931), lanabecestat (AZD3293), LY2886721, nicotinamide, or MPT0G211.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is ALS, and the at least one second therapeutic agent is edaravone, riluzole, raltegravir, curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, L-25 870810, MK-0518, BMS-538158, or GSK364735C.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient is (a) not infected with the HIV virus, (b) is not suspected of being infected with the HIV virus, and/or (c) is not being treated to prevent infection with the HIV virus.

14. The method of claim 1 comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of islatravir to the patient in need thereof.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein islatravir is administered daily in an amount of about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg.

16. The method of claim 1 comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of censavudine to the patient in need thereof.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is PSP, ALS, or AGS.

18. The method of claim 1 comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of elvucitabine to the patient in need thereof.

19. A method for treating PSP, ALS, or AGS in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering censavudine to the patient in amount sufficient to prevent or reverse at least one of the upregulation L1, the accumulation of cytoplasmic L1 cDNA, the activation of an IFN-I response, or the SASP pro-inflammatory state in the patient.

20. A method for treating PSP, ALS, or AGS in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering islatravir or elvucitabine to the patient in amount sufficient to prevent or reverse at least one of the upregulation L1, the accumulation of cytoplasmic L1 cDNA, the activation of an IFN-I response, or the SASP pro-inflammatory state in the patient.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease, ADS, FTD, MS, Parkinson's disease, Rett Syndrome, or schizophrenia.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is FTD.

23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is Alzheimer's disease.

24. The method of claim 17 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is PSP.

25. The method of claim 17 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is ALS.

26. The method of claim 17 , wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is AGS.