Biomass clumping material and method
A process for making an animal litter from a woody biomass starting material is described, with the performance amendments substantially located entirely on the outside surface of the woody biomass particles. The process may include the steps of densifying the biomass starting material, crumbling the densified biomass material; screening the densified biomass material for size; optionally adding a zeolite containing a scent; spray coating the sized, densified biomass particles with a surface adhesion agent; and powder dosing the sized, densified biomass particles and zeolites with a performance amendment comprising equal parts bentonite and guar gum.
1. An animal litter product comprising:
about 80 to about 90 percent by weight densified, crumbled, agglomerate biomass material;
about 2 to about 6 percent by weight surface adhesion agent;
about 6 to about 18 percent by weight performance amendment, wherein the performance amendment comprises a mixture of a first performance agent and a second performance agent;
the first performance agent comprising at least one hard-curing agent selected from the group of, guar gum, a polysaccharide gum, sodium alginate, tara gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, cassia gum, a fine particle biomass, amylopectin; carboxymethylcellulose, pre-gel starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, Solanum tuberosum starch, a polyacrylate, a polysaccharide, a starch, and combinations thereof; and
the second performance agent comprising at least one clay.
2. The animal litter product of claim 1 , wherein the densified, crumbled, agglomerate biomass material has a particle size of about US mesh 40 to about US mesh 4.
3. The animal litter product of claim 1 , wherein the performance amendment comprises a mixture of guar gum and least one clay selected from the group of: bentonite, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolinite, sepiolite, slate, pumice, Diatomaceous earth, tobermite, marls, halloysite, smectite, hectorite, zeolites and combinations thereof.
4. The animal litter product of claim 1 , wherein the animal litter product has an external surface area and wherein at least 80 percent of the external surface of the litter comprises the performance amendment.
5. The animal litter product of claim 4 , wherein at least 90 percent of an external surface area of litter comprises at least one of bentonite and guar gum.
6. The animal litter product of claim 5 , wherein a ratio of sized, densified biomass particles to the bentonite is about 6 to 1 to about 10 to 1.
7. An animal litter product comprising:
about 80 to about 90 percent by weight agglomerate biomass material, wherein the agglomerate biomass material has been densified and crumbled;
about 2 to about 6 percent by weight surface adhesion agent;
about 6 to about 18 percent by weight performance amendment, wherein the performance amendment comprises at least one clumping agent, and
wherein the animal litter product has an external surface area and wherein at least 80 percent of the external surface of the animal litter product comprises the performance amendment.
8. The animal litter product of claim 1 , wherein the agglomerate biomass material has a particle size of about US mesh 40 to about US mesh 4.
9. The animal litter product of claim 7 , wherein the performance amendment comprises a mixture of guar gum and bentonite.
10. The animal litter product of claim 7 , wherein the performance amendment comprises at least one clay.
11. The animal litter product of claim 10 , wherein at least 90 percent of the external surface area of the animal litter product comprises at least one of bentonite and guar gum.
12. The animal litter product of claim 11 , wherein the ratio of sized, densified biomass particles to the bentonite is about 6 to 1 to about 10 to 1.
13. An animal litter product comprising:
about 80 to about 90 percent by weight densified, sized biomass material;
about 2 to about 6 percent by weight surface adhesion agent; and
about 6 to about 18 percent by weight performance amendment, the performance amendment comprising a mixture of at least one gum and at least one clay.
14. The animal litter product of claim 13 , wherein the densified, sized biomass material has a particle size of about US mesh 40 to about US mesh 4.
15. The animal litter product of claim 13 , wherein the performance amendment comprises a mixture of guar gum and bentonite.
16. The animal litter product of claim 13 , wherein the animal litter product has an external surface area and wherein at least 80 percent of the external surface of the litter comprises the performance amendment.
17. The animal litter product of claim 16 , wherein at least 90 percent of the external surface area of litter comprises at least one of bentonite and guar gum.
18. The animal litter product of claim 17 , wherein a ratio of sized, densified biomass particles to the bentonite is about 6 to 1 to about 10 to 1.