Leavening agents
A leavening composition which gives an enhanced leavening and reduced use of acidulants comprises (1) an alkali metal bicarbonate, (2) at least 0.1 and preferably at least mole per mole of bicarbonate of a precipitant which is a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt, and (3) optionally an acidulant, wherein (2) and (3) are present in a total amount from 105 to 800% of the stoichiometric amount that would be required to react fully with (1) in a boiling aqueous solution. In a preferred embodiment the acidulant forms a water insoluble calcium or magnesium salt and is sufficient to provide more than 0.105 g replaceable hydrogen per 100 mmol bicarbonate, and the precipitant is a water soluble calcium or magnesium salt which is capable of precipitating or complexing with said acidulant and is present in an amount sufficient to provide a final pH below 6.5 when the leavening agent is heated in a bakery mix, which allows the inclusion of an effective amount of a preservative.
1 . In a composition comprising leavening agents of a type containing an alkali metal bicarbonate and an acidulant in sufficient excess of a stoichiometric amount required to react with all the bicarbonate to permit an effective use of preservatives, the improvement which consists in that:
Said leavening agent consists of:
i) said bicarbonate;
ii) said Acidulant which is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus oxyacids and their salts and GDL present in a total amount from 105 to 150% of the stoichiometric amount that would be required to react fully with said bicarbonate in a boiling aqueous solution; and
iii) A Precipitant which is a water-soluble salt said water-soluble salt consisting of cations and anions, said cations consisting of alkaline earth metal cations selected from the group consisting of calcium and magnesium and said anions being anions of an acid which is stronger than said Acidulant, and said salt being present in an amount providing between 1.1 and 8 g of said alkaline earth metal cations per 100 mmole of bicarbonate.
2 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Precipitant is at least sufficient to provide a baked product having a pH below 6.5 when the composition is heated in a bakery mix.
3 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises an effective amount of a preservative.
4 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Precipitant comprises a salt of hydrochloric and/or sulphuric acid.
5 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Precipitant is calcium chloride.
6 . A composition according to claim 3 , wherein the preservative is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, sulphur dioxide, sodium sulphite, sodium bisulphite, sodium metabisulphite, potassium sulphite, potassium metabisulphite, potassium hydrogen sulphite, calcium sulphite, calcium hydrogen sulphite, propionic acid, sodium propionate, potassium propionate and/or calcium propionate.
7 . A baking powder comprising the leavening agent according to claim 1 and a filler.
8 . A self-raising flour comprising the leavening agent according to claim 1 .
9 . A dough or batter comprising the leavening agent according to claim 1 , flour and water.
10 . In a method of baking which comprises heating a bakery mix comprising flour, water, a leavening agent and a preservative to a temperature greater than 60 degrees Celsius to form a crumb, the improvement which consists in that said leavening agent is the leavening agent as claimed in claim 1 .
11 . A confection prepared by the method of claim 10 .
12 . The confection of claim 11 , wherein the confection has a pH less than 6.5.
13 . In a composition comprising leavening agents of a type containing an alkali metal bicarbonate and an acidulant in sufficient excess of a stoichiometric amount required to react with all the bicarbonate to permit an effective use of preservatives, the improvement which consists in that:
Said leavening agent consists of:
(i) said bicarbonate;
(ii) A Precipitant which is a water-soluble salt said water-soluble salt consisting of alkaline earth metal cations selected from the group consisting of calcium and magnesium and anions of an acid which is stronger than said Acidulant, in an amount between 1.1 and 8 g of said alkaline earth metal cations per 100 mmole of bicarbonate; and
(ii) Said Acidulant which is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus oxyacids and their salts and GDL present in a total amount sufficient to provide, in a presence of said precipitant, a pH below 6.5.
14 . A composition according to claim 1 wherein said acidulant is present in an amount less than 140% of the stoichiometric amount.
15 . The composition according to claim 13 , further comprising an effective amount of a preservative.
16 . A baking powder comprising the leavening agent according to claim 13 and a filler.
17 . In a method of baking which comprises heating a bakery mix comprising flour, water, a leavening agent and a preservative to a temperature greater than 60 degrees Celsius to form a crumb, the improvement which consists in that said leavening agent is the leavening agent as claimed in claim 13 .
18 . A confection prepared by the method of claim 17 .
19 . The confection of claim 18 , wherein the confection has a pH less than 6.5.