Low cobalt layered oxide materials for lithium ion battery electrodes
Stabilized layered lithium metal oxide cathode materials are described which include excess lithium, Ni, Mn, and at least one other metal ion. The materials comprise a layered LiMO 2 -type material in which M comprises a combination of Ni, Mn, and at least one other metal ion that includes less than about 6 mol % Co; and which has about 1 to 6 percent excess lithium. In one embodiment, the stabilized lithium metal oxide cathode material comprises a composition having the empirical formula xLi 2 MnO 3 ·(1−x)LiNi 0.5+δ/2 Mn 0.5−δ Co δ/2 O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.1; and 0≤δ≤0.2. In another embodiment, the stabilized lithium metal oxide cathode material comprises a composition having the empirical formula Li 1+3y [Ni a Mn b M′ c ] 1−y O 2 , wherein M′ is one of more metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Al, Fe, Mg, and Ti; 0<y≤0.02; 0.85≤a≤0.96; 0.03≤b≤0.1; and 0.01≤c≤0.1.
1. A layered lithium metal oxide (LMO) material comprising a lithium metal oxide of empirical formula xLi 2 MnO 3 ·(1−x)LiNi 0.5+δ/2 Mn 0.5−δ Co δ/2 O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.1; and 0.05≤δ≤0.2.
2. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein 0.02≤x≤0.08.
3. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein 0.03≤x≤0.07.
4. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein 0.07≤δ≤ 0 . 15 .
5. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein 0.02≤x≤ 0.08; and 0.07≤δ≤0.15.
6. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein 0.03≤x≤ 0.07; and 0.07≤δ≤0.15.
7. The layered LMO material of claim 1 , wherein x is 0.05, and δ is 0.1.
8. An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode comprising the layered LMO material of claim 1 , an ion-conductive separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator.
9. A battery comprising a plurality of the electrochemical cells of claim 8 electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in both series and parallel.