Extended discharge fire suppression systems and methods
The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for extinguishing and/or suppressing fire in a structure. Particularly, the present systems and methods discharge clean agents over an extended period of time at an occupiable level to protect life, reduce personnel training time and expense, and preserve valuable items.
1. An extended discharge fire suppression system for a structure, comprising:
an agent tank containing a fire suppressant in a liquefied state, wherein the fire suppressant comprises a clean agent;
a propellant tank connected in series with the agent tank, the propellant tank storing a propellant gas separate from the fire suppressant;
a regulator between the agent tank and the propellant tank for delivering a predetermined pressure of the propellant gas to the agent tank to create a mixture of the fire suppressant and the propellant gas;
at least one nozzle located in the structure;
a pipe network for fluidly communicating the mixture of the fire suppressant and the propellant gas to the at least one nozzle;
an orifice plate, inline with the pipe network between the agent tank and the at least one nozzle, for controlling a flow rate of the mixture to the at least one nozzle; and
a valve having an open state allowing flow through the pipe network and a closed state preventing the flow through the pipe network;
wherein the extended discharge fire suppression system is configured to deliver the mixture to the structure for between 10 minutes and 3 hours without exceeding an occupiable concentration.
2. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the fire suppressant passes through the orifice plate as a liquid.
3. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the occupiable concentration of the fire suppressant in the structure is maintained between 5 mole percent and 10 mole percent for between 10 minutes and 3 hours.
4. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the clean agent is a halogenated ketone.
5. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 4 , wherein the halogenated ketone is a fluorinate ketone selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFC(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 5 C(O)CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 C(O)CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 , Perfluorocyclohexanone, and mixtures thereof.
6. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one nozzle is an aspirating nozzle.
7. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of open area within the nozzle to open area within the orifice plate is between 2 and 10.
8. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the structure has a leakage rate greater than or equal to 5% of the volume of the structure per minute.
9. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the structure is a power generation facility, a data center, an airplane, a museum or a chemical facility.
10. A fire suppression system comprising:
the extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 ; and
a rapid discharge fire suppression system comprising a second agent tank containing an additional fire suppressant.
11. The fire suppression system of claim 10 , wherein the rapid discharge fire suppression system further comprises a second propellant tank in series with the second agent tank, the second propellant tank storing an additional propellant gas separate from the additional fire suppressant.
12. The fire suppression system of claim 10 , wherein the rapid discharge fire suppression system further comprises at least one second nozzle located in the structure and a second pipe network for communicating the additional fire suppressant to the at least one second nozzle.
13. The fire suppression system of claim 10 , wherein the additional fire suppressant is the same compound as the fire suppressant of the extended discharge fire suppression system.
14. The fire suppression system of claim 10 , wherein the additional fire suppressant is delivered to the structure in 10 seconds or less to achieve a predetermined concentration of the additional fire suppressant sufficient to extinguish a fire in the structure.
15. The extended discharge fire suppression system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one nozzle is a non-aspirating nozzle.