Positive electrode active material, secondary battery, and electronic device
A positive electrode active material in which a capacity decrease caused by charge and discharge cycles is suppressed is provided. Alternatively, a positive electrode active material having a crystal structure that is unlikely to be broken by repeated charging and discharging is provided. The positive electrode active material contains titanium, nickel, aluminum, magnesium, and fluorine, and includes a region where titanium is unevenly distributed, a region where nickel is unevenly distributed, and a region where magnesium is unevenly distributed in a projection on its surface. Aluminum is preferably unevenly distributed in a surface portion, not in the projection, of the positive electrode active material.
1. A positive electrode active material comprising a positive electrode active material particle, the positive electrode active material comprising oxygen, cobalt, lithium, magnesium, titanium, and nickel,
wherein a depression exists at a surface portion of the positive electrode active material particle and the titanium exists on or in part of an inner wall of the depression,
wherein a projection exists on the surface portion,
wherein concentrations of magnesium, titanium and nickel in the projection are higher than concentrations of the magnesium, the titanium and the nickel in an inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle, and
wherein the projection includes a first region and a second region where a concentration of fluorine in the first region is higher than in the second region.
2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the depression has a depth of 100 nm or more and a width of 20 nm or more.
3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , further comprising fluorine,
wherein the magnesium and the fluorine exist on part of the inner wall of the depression.
4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the projection comprises a portion with a height of 50 nm or more.
5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the projection is part of the positive electrode active material particle.
6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the projection overlaps with the depression.
7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the projection comprises cobalt at a lower concentration than the surface portion and the inner portion.
8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the projection has a different crystal structure from the inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle where the projection has a cubic close-packed crystal structure and the inner portion has a layered rock-salt crystal structure.
9. A secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 1 .
10. An electronic device comprising the secondary battery according to claim 9 .
11. A positive electrode active material comprising a positive electrode active material particle, the positive electrode active material comprising oxygen, cobalt, lithium, magnesium, titanium, and nickel,
wherein a projection exists on a surface portion of the positive electrode active material particle,
wherein concentrations of magnesium, titanium and nickel in the projection are higher than concentrations of the magnesium, the titanium and the nickel in an inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle, and
wherein the projection includes a first region and a second region where a concentration of fluorine in the first region is higher than in the second region.
12. The positive electrode active material according to claim 11 , wherein the projection comprises cobalt at a lower concentration than the surface portion and the inner portion.
13. The positive electrode active material according to claim 11 , wherein the projection has a different crystal structure from the inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle where the projection has a cubic close-packed crystal structure and the inner portion has a layered rock-salt crystal structure.
14. The positive electrode active material according to claim 11 , wherein the projection is part of the positive electrode active material particle.
15. A secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 11 .
16. A positive electrode active material comprising a positive electrode active material particle, the positive electrode active material comprising oxygen, cobalt, lithium, magnesium, titanium, nickel, and aluminum,
wherein a projection exists on a surface portion of the positive electrode active material particle,
wherein concentrations of magnesium, titanium and nickel in the projection are higher than concentrations of the magnesium, the titanium and the nickel in an inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle,
wherein a concentration of the aluminum in the surface portion is higher than a concentration of the aluminum in the inner portion and a concentration of aluminum in the projection, and
wherein the projection includes a first region and a second region where a concentration of fluorine in the first region is higher than in the second region.
17. The positive electrode active material according to claim 16 , wherein the projection is part of the positive electrode active material particle.
18. The positive electrode active material according to claim 16 , wherein the projection comprises cobalt at a lower concentration than the surface portion and the inner portion.
19. The positive electrode active material according to claim 16 , wherein the projection has a different crystal structure from the inner portion of the positive electrode active material particle where the projection has a cubic close-packed crystal structure and the inner portion has a layered rock-salt crystal structure.
20. A secondary battery comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 16 .