Short-wavelength radiation source with multisectional collector module and method of collecting radiation
A radiation source contains a collector module comprising an optical collector, positioned in a vacuum chamber with an emitting plasma, further comprising a means for debris mitigation which include at least two casings arranged to output debris-free homocentric beams of the short-wavelength radiation, coming to the optical collector preferably consisting of several identical mirrors. Outside each casing there are permanent magnets that create a magnetic field inside the casings to mitigate charged fraction of debris particles and provide the debris-free homocentric beams of short-wavelength radiation. Other debris mitigating techniques are additionally used. Preferably the plasma is laser-produced plasma of a liquid metal target supplied by a rotating target assembly to a focus area of a laser beam. The technical result of the invention is the creation of high-powerful high-brightness debris-free sources of short-wavelength radiation with large, preferably more than 0.25 sr, collection solid angle.
1. A plasma short-wavelength radiation source with a collector module, comprising:
an optical collector ( 3 ), positioned in a vacuum chamber ( 1 ) with a plasma ( 2 ) emitting a short-wavelength radiation, further comprising a means ( 4 ) for debris mitigation on a path of the short-wavelength radiation to the optical collector ( 3 ), wherein
the means ( 4 ) for debris mitigation include at least two casings ( 6 ) arranged to output debris-free homocentric beams ( 7 ) of the short-wavelength radiation coming to the optical collector ( 3 ),
and outside each casing ( 6 ) there are permanent magnets ( 9 ) that create a magnetic field inside the casings ( 6 ), and a magnetic field formed by the permanent magnets ( 9 ) removes charged fraction of debris particles from the homocentric beams ( 7 ) to provide the debris-free homocentric beams.
2. The source according to claim 1 , wherein an outer surface of each casing contains two first faces ( 10 ) extended substantially parallel to a direction of short-wavelength radiation propagation from the plasma ( 2 ) and optionally the two first faces are parallel to a vertical.
3. The source according to claim 2 , wherein an area of first faces ( 10 ) of each casing ( 6 ) is greater than an area of the rest of the casing ( 6 ) surface, and the permanent magnets ( 9 ) are substantially in contact with the first faces ( 10 ) of each casing ( 6 ).
4. The source according to claim 2 , wherein an area of the first faces ( 10 ) of each casing ( 6 ) is less than an area of the rest of the surface of the casing ( 6 ), and the permanent magnets ( 9 ) are located on the surface of the casings ( 6 ) outside their first faces ( 10 ).
5. The source according to claim 2 , wherein an angle between the two first faces ( 10 ) of each casing ( 6 ) is less than 30 degrees.
6. The source according to claim 2 , wherein an angle between adjacent faces of the two adjacent casings ( 6 ) is from 3 to 10 degrees.
7. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnets ( 9 ), located on a most distant from each other parts of the most distant from each other casings ( 6 ), are connected by a magnetic core ( 11 ).
8. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the optical collector ( 3 ) contains several mirrors ( 8 ) installed in the path of each of the debris-free homocentric beams ( 7 ).
9. The source according to claim 8 , wherein a reflecting surface of all mirrors ( 8 ) form an spheroid ( 15 ), in one focus of which is the plasma ( 2 ), and in another focus ( 16 ) is a focal point of all mirrors of an optical collector.
10. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the means ( 4 ) for debris mitigation include membranes ( 13 ) based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) installed between each casing ( 6 ) and the optical collector ( 3 ).
11. The source according to claim 10 , wherein the means ( 4 ) for debris mitigation include protective gas flows, directed inside each casing ( 6 ) into the plasma, while each CNT membrane ( 13 ) simultaneously serves as a casing window for an exit of the debris-free homocentric beam ( 7 ) of the short-wavelength radiation and a gas shutter preventing an exit of the protective gas through it.
12. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the permanent magnets ( 9 ) are located along an entire length of the casings.
13. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the means ( 4 ) for debris mitigation include foil plates ( 22 ) placed in each of the casings ( 6 ) and oriented in radial directions with respect to the plasma ( 2 ), substantially perpendicular to magnetic field lines.
14. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma can be selected from a group consisting of: laser-produced plasma, z-pinch plasma, plasma focus, discharge produced plasma, laser-triggered discharge plasma.
15. The source according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma is a laser-produced plasma of a liquid metal target ( 17 ) supplied by a rotating target assembly ( 20 ) to a focus area of a laser beam ( 21 ).
16. The source according to claim 15 , wherein the target ( 17 ) is a molten metal layer, formed by centrifugal force on a facing to an axis of rotation ( 18 ) surface of an annular groove ( 19 ), implemented in the rotating target assembly ( 20 ).
17. A method of collecting radiation, comprising: collecting by an optical collector a radiation emitted by plasma at a plasma formation location, and directing at least a portion of the emitted by plasma radiation to a focal point, wherein
the emitted by plasma radiation is guided through at least two casings equipped by means for debris mitigating and arranged to form debris-free homocentric beams of the short-wave radiation coming out of casings to the optical collector,
wherein, outside each casing, permanent magnets creating a magnetic field inside the casings are used for mitigation of a charged fraction of debris particles.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further including protective gas flow, foil trap, and CNT membrane debris mitigation elements.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the optical collector contains several mirrors installed in a path of each of the debris-free homocentric beams and reflecting surfaces of all mirrors lie on a surface of an ellipsoid or a modified ellipsoid, in one focus of which is the plasma.