Regulation of mutant TERT by BRAF V600E/map kinase pathway through FOS/GABP in human cancer
The present invention relates to the field of cancer. More specifically, the present invention provides methods and compositions useful for the treatment of cancer characterized by TERT and BRAF mutations. In a specific embodiment, a method for treating a mutant telomerase reverse trancriptase (TERT) enzyme-associated cancer in a subject comprises the step of administering to the subject an anti-cancer agent that inhibits one or more of FOS, GABPB, the formation of the GABPA-GABPB complex or the binding of the GABPA-GABPB complex to a mutant TERT promoter.
1. A method for identifying a subject having thyroid cancer as being treatable with a FOS inhibitor comprising the steps of
(a) detecting a C228T and/or C250T mutation TERT promoter mutation in the genome of the subject;
(b) detecting a BRAF V600E mutation in the genome of the subject; and
(c) administering a FOS inhibitor to the subject, wherein a subject having both a TERT mutation and a BRAF mutation will respond to FOS inhibitor treatment.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FOS inhibitor comprises a benzophenone derivative.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the benzophenone derivative comprises 3-{5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxyl-1,2-benzisoxazo-1-6-yl)methoxy}phenyl}propanoic acid (T-5224).
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the benzophenone derivative is selected from the group consisting of: 3-{5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxyl-1,2-benzisoxazo-1-6-yl)methoxy}phenyl}propanoic acid; 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl 3-{5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-[(3-hydroxy-1,2-benzisoxazol--6-yl)methoxy]phenyl}propanoate; 4-({2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]phenoxy}met-hyl)benzoic acid; and 3-(5-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-2-{[4-(3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolyl)-benzyl]oxy}phenyl)propanoic acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FOS inhibitor comprise a derivative of retinoic acid.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the derivative of retinoic acid comprises (2E,z1E,6Z,8E)-3-methyl-7-(4-methylphenyl)-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (SR11302).
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the derivative of retinoic acid is selected from the group consisting of: (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3-methyl-7-(4-methylphenyl)-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (SR11302); (2-(3,4-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane (SR11238); (E)-4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-3-phenylpropenyl)benzoic acid (SR11327); methyl (Z)-4-(1-acetoxy-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)benzoate (SR11220) and 5-((5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbonyl)-2-naphthatenecarboxylic acid (SR11228).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FOS inhibitor comprises curcumin, difluorinated curcumin (DFC) or dihydroguaiaretic acid (DHGA).
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of administering a TERT inhibitor to the subject.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the TERT inhibitor comprises 2-[(E)-3-naphthen-2-yl but-2-enoylamino]benzoic acid (BIBR1532) and derivatives thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(d) administering a BRAF inhibitor to the subject.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the BRAF inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib and derivatives of the foregoing.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of administering a MEK inhibitor to the subject.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the MEK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of selumetinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib, trametinib and derivatives of the foregoing.