Positioning through multipath reflection

1. A positioning system comprising:

a transmitter comprising at least one energy source configured to emit an optical or quasi-optical electromagnetic signal as a channel communication;

a receiver comprising at least one detector element configured to receive the channel communication; and

a controller connected to the receiver and configured to determine an observation vector for the channel communication using an impulse response of the channel communication, and estimate a position of the transmitter within a space using the observation vector and a reference map including reference vectors for points of the space, wherein a reference vector for a point of the space includes a reference line of sight (LOS) peak component and one or more reference diffuse components of an impulse response for the point, and reference time delay between the reference LOS peak component and a reference second power peak (SPP), wherein the reference SPP is a most significant diffusive component of the one or more reference diffuse components of the impulse response;

wherein the observation vector includes a received line-of-sight (LOS) peak power and a received second power peak (SPP) of the channel communication, and a received time delay between the received line-of-sight peak power and the received second power peak.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reference map includes a set of predetermined locations within the space, and wherein the positioning system further comprises a database configured to store a reference impulse response or features thereof for each of the plurality of locations within the space.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the reference impulse response or features thereof includes a reference second power peak and a reference line-of-sight peak power for each of the plurality of locations within the space.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to estimate the position by using the observation vector to determine a closest one of the plurality of points of the plurality of locations within the space.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one detector element comprises at least one photodetector.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one energy source comprises a light emitting diode.

7. A method of estimating a location, the method comprising:

emitting, by a transmitter positioned within a space, an optical or quasi-optical electromagnetic signal as a channel communication;

receiving, by a detector, the channel communication;

determining, by a controller connected to the detector, an observation vector for the channel communication from an impulse response of the channel communication; and

estimating, by the controller, the location of the transmitter within the space using the determined observation vector for the channel communication and a reference map storing reference vectors for points within the space, wherein a reference vector for a point within the space includes a reference line of sight (LOS) peak component of an impulse response for the point, one or more reference diffuse components of the impulse response, and reference time delay between the reference LOS peak component and a reference second power peak (SPP), wherein the reference SPP is a most significant diffusive component of the one or more diffuse components of the impulse response;

wherein the determined observation vector includes a received line-of-sight (LOS) peak power and a received second power peak (SPP) of the channel communication, and a received time delay between the received line-of-sight peak power and the received second power peak.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reference map includes a set of predetermined locations within the space, and wherein the method further comprises:

generating reference impulse responses or features thereof for each of the set of predetermined locations; and

storing the reference impulse responses or features thereof for each of the set of predetermined locations in a database.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein estimating, by the controller, the location of the transmitter comprises:

determining a closest one of the set of predetermined locations using the observation vector.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein emitting, by the transmitter, the electromagnetic signal comprises emitting electromagnetic signal using a light emitting diode of the transmitter.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein receiving, by the detector, the channel communication comprises receiving, by a photodetector, the electromagnetic signal.

12. A system comprising:

a user equipment device comprising a transmitter configured to emit an optical signal as a channel communication;

one or more photodetectors configured to receive the optical signal; and

a controller connected to the one or more photodetectors and configured to estimate a position of the user equipment device within an indoor space based on a reference map of the indoor space and an observation vector determined for an impulse response of the channel communication, wherein the determined observation vector includes a received line-of-sight (LOS) peak component of an impulse response for the channel communication, one or more received diffuse components of the impulse response, and a received time delay between the received LOS peak component and a received second power peak (SPP), wherein the received SPP is a most significant diffusive component of the one or more diffuse components of the impulse response, and the reference map includes reference vectors for multiple points of the indoor space;

wherein the reference map includes a reference line-of-sight (LOS) peak power and a reference second power peak (SPP) of the channel communication, and a reference time delay between the reference line-of-sight peak power and the reference second power peak.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the reference map includes a set of predetermined locations of the indoor space, and wherein the reference map includes a database configured to store a reference vector for each of the set of predetermined locations.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the controller is configured to determine a closest one of the predetermined set of locations using the observation vector.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the observation vector further comprises an additive Gaussian white noise for the channel communication.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the transmitter comprises a pulse generator and a light-emitting diode.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more photodetectors each comprise an infrared photodetector.