Method for recycling lithium batteries
The invention relates to a method for recycling used lithium batteries containing the steps: (a) digestion of comminuted material ( 10 ), which contains comminuted components of electrodes of lithium batteries, using concentrated sulphuric acid ( 12 ) at a digestion temperature (T A ) of at least 100° C., in particular at least 140° C., so that waste gas ( 14 ) and a digestion material ( 16 ) are produced, (b) discharge of the waste gas ( 14 ) and (c) wet chemical extraction of at least one metallic component of the digestion material ( 16 ).
1. A method for recycling lithium batteries containing:
digesting comminuted material which contains comminuted components of electrodes of lithium batteries, using concentrated sulphuric acid at a digestion temperature of at least 100° C., so that waste gas and a digestion material are produced, wherein the comminuted material is not pyrometallurgically treated prior to digesting with concentrated sulphuric acid,
discharging of the waste gas, and
performing wet chemical extraction of at least one metallic component of the digestion material,
wherein the communited material contains fluoride components and wherein the digestion is conducted in such a way that the fluoride components in the comminuted material pass into the waste gas as hydrogen fluoride.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the digesting is conducted until a concentration of water-soluble fluoride in the digestion material is lower than 100 mg/kg.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the concentrated sulphuric acid is utilised at least stoichiometrically during digestion.
4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising separating hydrogen fluoride from the waste gas.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the comminuted material contains graphite and wherein the method further comprises:
leaching of the digestion material, and
separating graphite from the digestion material thereby producing a raw fluid.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the comminuted material contains copper and wherein the method further comprises separating copper from the raw fluid so that a de-copperised raw fluid is obtained.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the de-copperised raw fluid contains Fe 2+ ions, iron, aluminum, and titanium, and the method further comprises:
oxidizing Fe 2+ ions in the de-copperised raw fluid to Fe 3+ ions, and
precipitating iron and/or aluminium and/or titanium, so that a pure fluid is obtained.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the oxidizing is performed with an oxygen compound.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein when the pure fluid contains cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, the method further comprises:
solvent extraction of cobalt, and/or
solvent extraction of nickel, and/or
removal of manganese,
so that a target fluid is obtained.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
precipitating lithium from the target fluid when the pure fluid contains cobalt, nickel and/or manganese, or
precipitating lithium from the pure fluid when the pure fluid contains neither cobalt, nickel nor manganese.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising using a complexing agent for one or more of cobalt, nickel or manganese.
12. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the following steps prior to digesting:
comminuting batteries such that raw comminuted material is obtained, and
deactivating the raw comminuted material by drying such that the comminuted material is obtained.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the digesting is performed at at least 140° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of water soluble fluoride in the digestion material is lower than 10 mg/kg.