Rational design of redox mediator for fast and energy-efficient charging of sulfur cathodes
A battery electrolyte solution is that includes an organic electrolyte solution, a lithium-sulfur (Li 2 S) compound, soluble lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S x ) microparticles, and a redox mediator comprising a soluble quinone derivative.
1. A battery electrolyte solution comprising:
a) an organic electrolyte solution;
b) a lithium-sulfur (Li 2 S) compound;
c) soluble lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S x ) microparticles; and
d) a redox mediator comprising a soluble quinone derivative.
2. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein said quinone derivative comprises 1,5-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)anthra-9,10-quinon (AQT).
3. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein said soluble polysulfide Li 2 S x comprises a compound selected from the group is consisting of Li 2 S 2 , Li 2 S 4 , Li 2 S 6 , Li 2 S 8 , and Li 2 S x —S, wherein x={2, 4, 6, 8}.
4. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein a reduction energy level of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation energy level of said battery electrode active material.
5. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein a reduction potential of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation potential of said battery electrode active material.
6. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein a reduction energy level of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation energy level of said redox mediator.
7. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 6 , wherein a reduction energy level of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation energy level of said Li 2 S compound.
8. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 6 , wherein said is reduction energy level is in a range of 2.15 V to 2.3 V.
9. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 6 , wherein an oxidation energy level of said redox mediator is higher than and proximal to an oxidation energy level of said Li 2 S compound.
10. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 9 , wherein said reduction energy level is in a range of 2.15 V to 2.3 V.
11. The battery electrolyte solution of claim 1 , wherein a redox potential of said quinone derivative ranges from 1.7 V to 3.2 V.
12. A Li—S battery comprising:
a) an anode;
b) a cathode;
c) an organic electrolyte solution;
d) a current collector;
e) a lithium-sulfur (Li 2 S) compound;
f) soluble lithium polysulfide (Li 2 S x ) microparticles; and
g) a redox mediator comprising a soluble quinone derivative.
13. The Li—S battery of claim 12 , wherein said quinone derivative comprises 1,5-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)anthra-9,10-quinon (AQT).
14. The Li—S battery of claim 12 , wherein said soluble polysulfide Li 2 S x comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of Li 2 S 2 , Li 2 S 4 , Li 2 S 6 , Li 2 S 8 , and Li 2 S x —S, wherein x={2, 4, 6, 8}.
15. The Li—S battery of claim 12 , wherein a reduction energy level of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation energy level of said redox mediator.
16. The Li—S battery of claim 12 , wherein a reduction energy level of said redox mediator is higher than an oxidation energy level of said Li 2 S compound.
17. The Li—S battery of claim 16 , wherein said reduction energy level is in a range of 2.15 V to 2.3 V.
18. The Li—S battery of claim 16 , wherein an oxidation energy level of said redox mediator is higher than and proximal to an oxidation energy level of said Li 2 S compound.
19. The Li—S battery of claim 18 , wherein said reduction energy level is in a range of 2.15 V to 2.3 V.
20. The Li—S battery of claim 12 , wherein a redox potential of said quinone derivative ranges from 1.7 V to 3.2 V.