Anti-wear composition for lubricants
Certain citric esters and amides, and certain mixtures thereof, e.g., mixtures comprising citrate oligomers, exhibit excellent anti-wear activity in lubricants. Many of these compounds or mixtures of compounds also exhibit a high degree of anti-wear synergy in combination with zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates. The compounds of the invention are thus valuable tools that can allow one to reduce the amounts of zinc, and phosphates, that are used in the lubricant without sacrificing anti-wear performance.
1. A lubricant composition comprising:
A) a lubricating oil, and
B) 0.2 to 5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of
ii) a compound of formula II
iii) a compound of formula III
or
iv) a mixture of compounds of formula II and formula Ill,
wherein:
n is from 1 to 20,
R is C 1-18 alkyl;
C 1-18 alkyl substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or the heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy and/or substituted by OH;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl or carbonyloxy and substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; and
R′ is C 2-18 alkylene;
C 2-18 alkylene interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl or carbonyloxy and/or substituted by OH, carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
said alkylene, interrupted alkylene or substituted alkylene interrupted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy,
wherein each R and each R′ may be the same or different from any other R or R′.
2. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 comprising more than one compound of formula III, which differ by having different values of n.
3. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 further comprising i) a compound of formula I:
wherein R is as described for formula II and III, and the wt % of all compounds of formula I, II and III combined is from 0.2 wt % to 5.0 wt % based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
4. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 wherein:
n is from 1 to 10, 1 to 5, or 1 to 3;
R is C 1-16 alkyl, C 1-12 alkyl or C 1-6 alkyl,
said alkyl substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 8 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or the heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C 1-8 alkyl or alkyloxy;
C 2-16 alkyl, C 2-12 alkyl or C 2-6 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy and/or substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 8 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-8 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 8 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-8 alkyl or alkyloxy, and
R′ is C 2-16 alkylene, C 2-12 alkylene or C 2-8 alkylene,
said alkylene interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl or carbonyloxy and/or substituted by OH, carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-8 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
said alkylene, interrupted alkylene or substituted alkylene interrupted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-8 alkyl or alkyloxy.
5. The lubricant composition according to claim 4 further comprising i) a compound of formula I:
wherein R is as described for formula II and III and the wt % of all compounds of formula I, II and III combined is from 0.2 wt % to 5.0 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
6. The lubricant composition according to claim 5 , which comprises at least one compound of formula I, at least one compound of formula II, and at least one compound of formula III, wherein n is from 1 to 5; R is C 1-12 alkyl or C 2-12 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, and
R′ is C 2-12 alkylene, or said alkylene interrupted by one or more —O—.
7. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 further comprising ZDDP.
8. The lubricant composition according to claim 7 wherein the citrates and ZDDP are present in a weight ratio of citrate to ZDDP of 3:1 to 1:3.
9. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 wherein the lubricating oil is present at about 90 wt % or more.
10. The lubricant composition according to claim 1 further comprising one or more additional lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, detergents, corrosion/rust inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, anti-foamants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, demulsifiers, V.I. improvers and pour point depressants.
11. A lubricant composition comprising:
A) a lubricating oil, and
B) 0.2 to 5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of
i) a compound of formula I:
wherein R is a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy;
C 1-6 alkyl substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or the heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
C 6-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl, or carbonyloxy and substituted by OH, carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy.
12. The lubricant composition according to claim 11 further comprising ZDDP.
13. The lubricant composition according to claim 12 wherein the citrates and ZDDP are present in a weight ratio of citrate to ZDDP of 3:1 to 1:3.
14. The lubricant composition according to claim 11 wherein the lubricating oil is present at about 90 wt % or more.
15. The lubricant composition according to claim 11 further comprising one or more additional lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, detergents, corrosion/rust inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, anti-foamants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, demulsifiers, V.I. improvers and pour point depressants.
16. A lubricant composition comprising:
A) a lubricating oil, and
B) 0.2 to 5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of a compound of formula IV:
wherein:
R is C 1-18 alkyl;
C 1-18 alkyl substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or the heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy and/or substituted by OH;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl or carbonyloxy and substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy;
x is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6,
L is C 1-12 alkylene or C 2-12 alkylene interrupted by —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy, and
G is a nitrogen atom or a group comprising one or more nitrogen atoms.
17. The lubricant composition according to claim 16 wherein G is a nitrogen atom, or a linear or branched primary amine, or a linear, branched, or cyclic polyamine.
18. The lubricant composition according to claim 16 further comprising ZDDP.
19. The lubricant composition according to claim 18 wherein the citrates and ZDDP are present in a weight ratio of citrate to ZDDP of 3:1 to 1:3.
20. The lubricant composition according to claim 16 wherein the lubricating oil is present at about 90 wt % or more.
21. The lubricant composition according to claim 16 further comprising one or more additional lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, detergents, corrosion/rust inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, and anti-foamants.
22. A lubricant composition comprising:
A) a lubricating oil, and
B) 0.2 to 5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of a compound of formula V or VI:
wherein Y is OR or NRR″ provided that in formula V at least one Y is NRR″
L is C 1-12 alkylene or C 2-12 alkylene interrupted by —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy
R is C 1-18 alkyl;
C 1-18 alkyl substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or the heterocycle may be substituted by one or more C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl, carbonyloxy and/or substituted by OH;
C 2-18 alkyl interrupted by one or more —O—, carbonyl or carbonyloxy and substituted by a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; or
a carbocycle comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocycle comprising 3 to 11 carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, wherein the carbocycle or heterocycle may be substituted by C 1-12 alkyl or alkyloxy; and
R″ is H or R,
wherein each R and each R″ may be the same or different from any other R or R″.
23. The lubricant composition according to claim 22 comprising as B) 0.2 to 5 wt %, based on the weight of the lubricant composition, of a compound of formula Va or VIa:
24. The lubricant composition according to claim 22 further comprising ZDDP.
25. The lubricant composition according to claim 24 wherein the citrates and ZDDP are present in a weight ratio of citrate to ZDDP of 3:1 to 1:3.
26. The lubricant composition according to claim 22 wherein the lubricating oil is present at about 90 wt % or more.
27. The lubricant composition according to claim 22 further comprising one or more additional lubricant additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, detergents, corrosion/rust inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, anti-foamants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, demulsifiers, V.I. improvers and pour point depressants, friction modifiers, seal swell agents, demulsifiers, V.I. improvers and pour point depressants.