IP Library › Granted Patent US 11,728,074
Granted Patent B2
US 11,728,074 · App. 16/969,858 · Granted Aug 15, 2023

Magnetocaloric alloys useful for magnetic refrigeration applications

Inventors: Robin Ihnfeldt (San Diego, CA); Eunjeong Kim (San Diego, CA); Sungho Jin (San Diego, CA); Renkun Chen (San Diego, CA); Xia Xu (Oro Valley, AZ)
Assignees: General Engineering & Research, L.L.C.; The Regents of the University of California
H01F1/015C22C28/00F25B21/00H01F1/058C22C2202/02F25B2321/002
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 11,728,074
App. No.
16/969,858
Granted
Aug 15, 2023
Kind
B2
Abstract

This invention relates to magnetocaloric materials comprising alloys useful for magnetic refrigeration applications. In some embodiments, the disclosed alloys may be Cerium, Neodymium, and/or Gadolinium based compositions that are fairly inexpensive, and in some cases exhibit only 2 nd order magnetic phase transitions near their curie temperature, thus there are limited thermal and structural hysteresis losses. This makes these compositions attractive candidates for use in magnetic refrigeration applications. Surprisingly, the performance of the disclosed materials is similar or better to many of the known expensive rare-earth based magnetocaloric materials.

Claims (56)

1. A magnetocaloric material comprising:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 1-y-z , (D y E z ),

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd,

wherein D is selected from the group consisting of Cr and Mn,

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cu, and

Zn,

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0,

wherein y is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.3,

wherein z is in the range of 0 about 0.3, and

wherein 0.05≤y+z≤0.3.

2. The magnetocaloric material of claim 1 , wherein y+z=0.2.

3. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

4. The magnetocaloric material of claim 3 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 , or Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 .

5. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

6. The magnetocaloric material of claim 5 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 , or Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.2 .

7. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

8. The magnetocaloric material of claim 7 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 , or Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.1 Cr 0.1 .

9. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

10. The magnetocaloric material of claim 9 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.9 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.05 Cr 0.15 .

11. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

12. The magnetocaloric material of claim 11 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.8 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.9 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 , or Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Mn 0.15 Cr 0.05 .

13. The magnetocaloric material of claim 2 , wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-X ) Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 E 0.1 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd,

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

14. The magnetocaloric material of claim 13 , wherein the material is Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Fe 0.1 , Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Al 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Al 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ale 0.1 , Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 , Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Ni 0.1 , Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Co 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Co 0.1 , Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Cu 0.1 , Ce 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Nd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 1.0 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.1 Nd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.2 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.3 Nd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.4 Nd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.5 Nd 0.8 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.6 Nd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.7 Nd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.8 Nd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Gd 0.9 Nd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.8 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.1 Gd 0.9 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.2 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.3 Gd 0.7 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.4 Gd 0.6 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.5 Gd 0.5 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.6 Gd 0.4 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.7 Gd 0.3 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 Si 0.8 Ce 0.1 Zn 0.1 , Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 Si 0.8 Cr 0.1 Zn 0.1 .

15. A magnetic refrigerator, comprising the magnetocaloric material of claim 1 .

16. A method of manufacturing a heat pump, comprising fabricating at least one part of the heat pump from a magnetocaloric material of comprising (A x B 1-x ) Si 1-y-x (D y E z ),

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd,

wherein D is selected from the group consisting of Cr and Mn,

wherein E is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn,

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0,

wherein y is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.3,

wherein z is in the range of 0 to about 0.3, and

wherein 0.05≤y+z ≤0.3.

17. The magnetic refrigerator of claim 15 , wherein y+z=0.2.

18. The magnetic refrigerator of claim 15 wherein the material comprises:

(A x B 1-x ) Si 0.8 Mn 0.2 ,

wherein A and B are selected from the group consisting of Ce, Nd, and Gd, and

wherein x is in the range of 0 to 1.0.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 23, 2023
From: KIM, EUNJEONG; JIN, SUNGHO; CHEN, RENKUN
To: REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 062780/0071 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 23, 2023
From: IHNFELDT, ROBIN; XU, XIA
To: GENERAL ENGINEERING & RESEARCH, L.L.C.
Reel/Frame 062780/0168 →
CONFIRMATORY LICENSE Recorded Jun 9, 2022
From: GENERAL ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH, LLC
To: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Reel/Frame 060316/0151 →
Continuity (3)
Provisional Application 62693719 · Jul 3, 2018
Provisional Application 62634078 · Feb 22, 2018
Related Publication 20210065941A1 · Mar 4, 2021