Molecularly-mixed composite membranes and methods for making the same
Disclosed herein is a molecularly-mixed composite membrane comprising an amorphous scrambled porous organic compound (ASPOC) material and a polymer. With current developments in membrane technologies, there exists a need for largely scalable membranes and improved performance with difficult molecular separations. Mixed Matrix Membranes improve separation performance to a degree, but also increase the membrane defects as the filler material aggregates into particles that disrupt the membrane matrix. The disclosed membrane is configured to reduce defects and increase homogeneity. The disclosed ASPOC material avoids aggregation and disperses uniformly in the polymer matrix, creating a molecularly-mixed composite membrane with improved separation performance. Also disclosed herein are methods for making the same.
1. A molecularly-mixed composite membrane (MMCM) comprising:
a solution comprising:
a porous molecular material comprising porous organic cages (POCs); and
a polymer;
wherein the porous molecular material is dissolved in the polymer; and
wherein the porous molecular material is so uniformly distributed in the polymer as to form the solution as if it were a single-phase solution; and
wherein the MMCM is substantially defect-free, presenting:
a high level of homogeneity indicative of single POCs surrounded by the polymer; and
an attendant low degree of crystallinity or particle aggregation indicative of negligible POC-POC bonding.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous molecular material comprises an amorphous scrambled porous organic cage ASPOC material with the stronger polymer-cage interactions than cage-cage interactions.
3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein a glass transition onset temperature of the membrane is greater than a glass transition onset temperature of the polymer.
4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein a glass transition midpoint temperature of the membrane is greater than a glass transition midpoint temperature of the polymer.
5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein a swelling volume of the membrane is less than a swelling volume of the polymer.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein one or more of:
a glass transition onset temperature of the membrane is greater than a glass transition onset temperature of the polymer;
a glass transition midpoint temperature of the membrane is greater than a glass transition midpoint temperature of the polymer; or
a swelling volume of the membrane is less than a swelling volume of the polymer.
7. The membrane of claim 6 , wherein at least one of:
the membrane presents a carbon dioxide permeability of 20 barrer or greater; or
the membrane presents a diffusion coefficient greater than a diffusion coefficient of the polymer.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane presents a methane permeability of 0.75 barrer or greater.
9. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane presents a nitrogen permeability of 1 barrer or greater.
10. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane presents a SF6 permeability of 0.01 barrer or greater.
11. A method of making the membrane of claim 1 comprising:
mixing a dope solution comprising:
the polymer;
the porous molecular material; and
a first solvent configured to dissolve the polymer and the porous molecular material to form the dope solution; and
casting the mixed dope solution;
wherein at least one of:
a glass transition onset temperature of the casted mixed dope solution is greater than a glass transition onset temperature of the polymer;
a glass transition midpoint temperature of the casted mixed dope solution is greater than a glass transition midpoint temperature of the polymer; or
a swelling volume of the casted mixed dope solution is less than a swelling volume of the polymer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein mixing comprises sonication.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sonication occurs for 1 minute or less.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein casting comprises spin-coating the solution on pre-formed crosslinked polyimide supports.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein casting comprises casting the membrane as a standalone membrane.
16. The method of claim 11 further comprising annealing the casted mixed dope solution under vacuum.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the mixed dope solution is homogeneous.
18. The method of claim 11 further comprising synthesizing the porous molecular material.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein synthesizing comprises:
mixing a second solution comprising:
an aldehyde material;
at least one diamine material; and
a second solvent; and
evaporating at least a portion of the second solvent.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising drying the porous molecular material.
21. The method of claim 19 further comprising washing the porous molecular material with a nonsolvent.
22. The method of claim 11 further comprising evaporating at least a portion of the first solvent.
23. The method of claim 11 , wherein one or more of:
the mixed dope solution presents a diffusion coefficient greater than a diffusion coefficient of the polymer;
the mixed dope solution presents a methane permeability of 0.75 barrer or greater;
the mixed dope solution presents a nitrogen permeability of 1 barrer or greater; or
the mixed dope solution presents a SF6 permeability of 0.01 barrer or greater.