Modification of immune cells for reducing toxicity and uses thereof in adoptive cell therapy
A population of immune cells comprising modified immune cells with reduced inflammatory properties, wherein such modified immune cells may have reduced production of one or more inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin 2) and/or express one or more antagonists of one or more inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin 6). Also provided herein are methods of producing such immune cell populations comprising the modified immune cells and methods of using such in cell therapy (e.g., to treat cancer, infectious diseases or immune diseases).
1. A population of immune cells, comprising:
a plurality of modified immune cells, which (a) produces a reduced level of one or more inflammatory proteins as compared with wild-type immune cells of the same type under the same conditions; and
(b) expresses one or more antagonists of the one or more inflammatory proteins and/or expresses one or more immune suppressive cytokines,
wherein the one or more inflammatory proteins in (a) comprise GM-CSF, IL2, TNF, or a combination thereof;
wherein the one or more antagonists in (b) comprise IL-1RA or an antibody selected from the group consisting of tocilizumab, sirukumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, olokizumab, clazakizumab, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a combination thereof;
wherein the one or more immune suppressive cytokines in (b) comprise TGFβ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-33, IL-35, or IL-37; and
wherein the plurality of modified immune cells comprises T cells.
2. The population of immune cells of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of modified immune cells express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and/or an exogenous T cell receptor (TCR), wherein the CAR comprises an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and one or more intracellular signaling domains.
3. The population of immune cells of claim 2 , wherein the extracellular ligand binding domain comprises a single-chain antibody fragment specific to a cell surface protein, an extracellular domain of a cytokine receptor, or an extracellular domain of a co-stimulatory receptor.
4. The population of immune cells of claim 2 , wherein the one or more intracellular signaling domains comprise (i) a signaling domain of CD3ζ and/or (ii) one or more signaling domains from one or more co-stimulatory proteins or cytokine receptors.
5. The population of immune cells of claim 4 , wherein the co-stimulatory proteins or cytokine receptors are selected from the group consisting of CD28, 4-1BB, 2B4, KIR, CD27, OX40, ICOS, MYD88, IL2 receptor, and SynNotch.
6. The population of immune cells of claim 2 , wherein the endogenous TCR is knocked out in the modified immune cells.
7. The population of immune cells of claim 1 , wherein at least one endogenous allele of the one or more inflammatory proteins in (a) is knocked out in the plurality of the modified immune cells.
8. The population of immune cells in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of modified immune cells comprises one or more exogenous nucleic acid coding for the one or more immune suppressive cytokines and/or the antagonist of the one or more inflammatory proteins in (b).
9. The population of immune cells of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the exogenous nucleic acids is incorporated into the genome of the modified immune cells.
10. The population of immune cells of claim 1 , wherein the modified immune cells express the one or more antagonists of the one or more inflammatory proteins.
11. The population of immune cells of claim 10 , wherein the antagonist comprises a single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody that binds IL-6, and wherein the scFv antibody comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22.
12. The population of immune cells of claim 10 , wherein the antagonist comprises IL-1RA, which comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
13. The population of immune cells of claim 10 , wherein the antagonists comprise an anti-IL6 scFv antibody comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and IL-1RA comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:24.
14. The population of immune cells of claim 10 , wherein the modified immune cells express a CAR that binds CD19.
15. A method of producing a population of immune cells with reduced inflammatory properties, the method comprising:
(i) providing a population of immune cells; and
(ii) modifying the population of immune cells to:
(a) reduce production of one or more inflammatory proteins selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL2, TNF, or a combination thereof as compared with wild-type immune cells of the same type under the same conditions; and
(b) express one or more antagonists of the one or more inflammatory proteins and/or express one or more immune suppressive cytokines,
wherein (ii) comprises introducing into the population of immune cells one or more nucleic acids coding for one or more antagonists of the one or more inflammatory proteins and/or one or more immune suppressive cytokines,
wherein the one or more antagonists in (b) comprise IL-1RA or an antibody selected from the group consisting of tocilizumab, sirukumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, olokizumab, clazakizumab, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a combination thereof,
wherein the one or more immune suppressive cytokines in (b) comprise TGFβ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-33, IL-35, or IL-37, wherein the population of modified immune cells comprises T cells, and
wherein the one or more nucleic acids are in operable linkage to a promoter(s) for expression of the one or more antagonists and/or the one or more immune suppressive cytokines in the immune cells.