Wedge shaped cells in a wireless communication system
Aspects described herein relate to a network for providing air-to-ground wireless communication in various cells. The network includes a first base station array, each base station of which includes a respective first antenna array defining a directional radiation pattern that is oriented in a first direction, wherein each base station of the first base station array is disposed spaced apart from another base station of the first base station array along the first direction by a first distance. The network also includes a similar second base station array where the second base station array extends substantially parallel to the first base station array and is spaced apart from the first base station array by a second distance to form continuous and at least partially overlapping cell coverage areas between respective base stations of the first and second base station arrays.
1. A network for providing air-to-ground (ATG) wireless communication in various cells, comprising:
a set of base stations each including respective antenna arrays each defining a first directional radiation pattern having a wedge shaped coverage area in a vertical plane over a semicircular shaped coverage area in a horizontal plane, the set of base stations being arranged with overlapping coverage areas such that a coverage area vertically above most of the base stations of the set of base stations is provided by an adjacent base station; and
at least one base station for which coverage vertically above the at least one base station is provided by a patch antenna, the patch antenna being provided at an uptilt angle relative to the first directional radiation pattern to define a second directional radiation pattern,
wherein the first set of base stations and the at least one base station are each configured to wirelessly communicate with a radio disposed on an aircraft flying through the first directional radiation pattern of the respective antenna arrays of the first set of base stations and a coverage area of the patch antenna.
2. The network of claim 1 , wherein the at least one base station is one of the first set of base stations such that the at least one base station defines both the first directional radiation pattern and the second directional radiation pattern.
3. The network of claim 2 , wherein all base stations of the first set of base stations other than the at least one base station define only the first directional radiation pattern.
4. The network of claim 1 , wherein each instance of the first directional radiation pattern does not provide coverage vertically above a corresponding base station from which the first directional radiation pattern originates.
5. The network of claim 1 , wherein the first set of base stations comprises a second set of base stations offset from each other by a first distance along a first direction, and
a third set of base stations offset from the second set of base stations by a second distance along a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
6. The network of claim 5 , wherein the first distance is shorter than the second distance.
7. The network of claim 1 , wherein the wedge shaped coverage area of adjacent ones of the first set of base stations overlap each other to combine to provide continuous coverage up to a predetermined altitude.
8. The network of claim 7 , wherein the predetermined altitude is about 45,000 feet.
9. The network of claim 7 , wherein the wedge shaped coverage area of adjacent ones of the first set of base stations overlap to define altitude bands such that a handover between the altitude bands occurs responsive to a change in altitude of the aircraft.
10. The network of claim 9 , wherein the altitude bands change based on distance from a respective one of the first set of base stations.
11. The network of claim 10 , wherein the first directional radiation pattern increases in vertical beamwidth as distance from the respective one of the first set of base stations increases.
12. The network of claim 1 , wherein the respective antenna arrays each include six sectors of about thirty degrees.
13. The network of claim 12 , wherein adjacent sectors employ alternating channels.
14. The network of claim 1 , wherein a number of altitude bands above a given location is equal to the number of overlapping coverage areas of respective instances of the first directional radiation pattern defined at the given location.
15. The network of claim 1 , wherein the patch antenna comprises a first patch antenna and a second patch antenna, the first patch antenna having a first uptilt angle relative to a highest angle of the first directional radiation pattern, and the second patch antenna having a second uptilt angle relative to the first uptilt angle.
16. The network of claim 1 , wherein the respective antenna arrays communicate with the radio on the aircraft via licensed spectrum.
17. The network of claim 1 , wherein the respective antenna arrays communicate with the radio on the aircraft via unlicensed spectrum.
18. The network of claim 1 , wherein some of the respective antenna arrays communicate with the radio on the aircraft via unlicensed spectrum and others of the respective antenna arrays communicate via licensed spectrum.
19. The network of claim 1 , wherein the respective antenna arrays communicate with the radio on the aircraft via unlicensed spectrum and the patch antenna communicates via licensed spectrum.
20. The network of claim 1 , wherein wedge shaped coverage area is semicircular in the horizontal direction.