Systems and methods for delivery of a therapeutic agent
Methods and apparatus are provided for applying an fragment of a neurotoxin such as the active light chain (LC) of the botulinum toxin (BoNT), such as one of the serotype A, B, C, D, E, F or G botulinum toxins, via permeabilization of targeted cell membranes to enable translocation of the botulinum neurotoxin light chain (BoNT-LC) molecule across the targeted cell membrane to the cell cytosol where a therapeutic response is produced in a mammalian system. The methods and apparatus include use of catheter based delivery systems, non-invasive delivery systems, and transdermal delivery systems.
1. A nerve modification device for altering nerve function in a bronchial airway of a patient, the nerve modification device comprising:
a main catheter body configured to extend through a trachea into the bronchial airway;
a first electrode coupled to a distal end of the main catheter body, the first electrode being configured to be positioned proximate a target region in an airway wall of the bronchial airway and to emit energy laterally relative to the main catheter body;
a second electrode configured to be positioned outside of the bronchial airway and remote from the target region; and
a movable mechanism configured to move the first electrode laterally within the bronchial airway such that the at least one energy emitter contacts a first portion of a circumference of the airway wall,
wherein the nerve modification device is adapted to produce an energy field between the first electrode and the second electrode and concentrated at the target region in the wall of the bronchial airway in a first lateral direction from the catheter body to alter nerve cells within the target region, and wherein a size and intensity of the energy field is controllable by placement of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and the target region.
2. The nerve modification device of claim 1 , wherein the energy is at least one of x-ray energy, radiofrequency energy, DC current, AC current, microwave energy, and ultrasound energy.
3. The nerve modification device of claim 2 , wherein the energy is RF energy.
4. The nerve modification device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises at least one ultrasound transducer.
5. The nerve modification device of claim 4 , wherein the energy is ultrasound energy.
6. The nerve modification device of claim 1 , wherein the movable mechanism comprises an expandable member coupled to the main catheter body, the expandable member being configured to expand to move the first electrode into contact with the first portion of the circumference of the wall.
7. The nerve modification device of claim 6 , wherein the expandable member is further configured to expand such that the expandable member engages a second portion of the circumference of the airway wall.
8. The nerve modification device of claim 7 , wherein the expandable member is expanded laterally in a second lateral direction from the catheter body opposite the first lateral direction.
9. A system for altering nerve function in a bronchial airway of a patient, the system comprising:
an intraluminal catheter configured to be positioned within a bronchial airway of a patient, the intraluminal catheter including
a main catheter body, and
a first electrode configured to be positioned within the bronchial airway proximate a target region in the airway wall, and to emit energy laterally relative to the main catheter body;
a movable mechanism coupled to a distal end of the main catheter body, and configured to move the first energy emitter laterally within the bronchial airway such that the first energy emitter contacts a first portion of a circumference of the airway wall;
a second electrode configured to be positioned remote from the target region; and
an energy generator operably coupled to the first electrode and configured to activate the first electrode, thereby causing an energy field to be generated the target region in the airway wall to alter nerve cells within the target region, and wherein a size and intensity of the energy field is controllable by placement of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and the target region.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the second electrode is operably coupled to the energy generator, and coupled to the movable mechanism relative to the first electrode such that an arrangement of the first and second electrodes causes the energy field produced therefrom to be concentrated in a lateral direction from the main catheter body.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the second electrode is operably coupled to the energy generator, and coupled to the movable mechanism relative to the first electrode such that an arrangement of the first and second electrodes causes the energy field produced therefrom to comprise a uniform energy field about the main catheter body.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the movable mechanism comprises an expandable member coupled to the mam catheter body, the expandable member being configured to expand to move the first electrode into contact with a first portion of a circumference of the airway wall.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the expandable member is further configured to expand such that the expandable member engages a second portion of the circumference of the airway wall.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the energy is at least one of x-ray energy, radiofrequency energy, DC current, AC current, microwave energy, and ultrasound energy.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the energy is RF energy.
16. The system of claim 9 , wherein the second electrode is configured to be positioned outside of the bronchial airway.