Methods of packaging multiple adeno-associated virus vectors
Provided herein are methods related to co-packaging of multiple rAAV particles, e.g., by introducing multiple nucleic acid vectors encoding proteins or polypeptides or RNAs of interest into a single cell preparation.
1. A method of producing a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particle preparation having a desired ratio of a first rAAV particle to a second rAAV particle, the method comprising:
contacting a producer cell preparation with:
(i) a first nucleic acid vector containing a first construct comprising a heterologous nucleic acid region encoding a first protein or polypeptide, and
(ii) a second nucleic acid vector containing a second construct comprising a heterologous nucleic acid region encoding a second protein or polypeptide; and
culturing the producer cell preparation with the first and second nucleic acid vectors for a period of time sufficient to result in the production of a heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles comprising a first rAAV particle comprising the first construct and a second rAAV particle comprising the second construct,
wherein the heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles has a ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle that is approximately the same as an input ratio of the first nucleic acid vector to the second nucleic acid vector.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle is within 10% of the input ratio of the first nucleic acid vector to the second nucleic acid vector.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the producer cell preparation is contacted simultaneously with the first nucleic acid vector and the second nucleic acid vector.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the input ratio is 1:1, 1:9 or 9:1 of the first nucleic acid vector to the second nucleic acid vector.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and the second nucleic acid vectors each comprise nucleic acid regions comprising an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) flanking each side of the respective heterologous nucleic acid region.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the producer cell preparation with at least one helper plasmid.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the first rAAV particle and the second rAAV particle from the producer cell preparation.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first nucleic acid vector and the second nucleic acid vector are DNA vectors.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle is measured after isolating the first rAAV particle and the second rAAV particle from the producer cell preparation, wherein the ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle is measured by measuring a level of DNA from the first rAAV particle and a level of DNA from the second rAAV particle, and wherein the level of DNA is measured using PCR, sequencing or flow cytometry.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the level of DNA is measured using PCR, and the PCR is quantitative PCR.
11. A method of producing a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particle preparation having a desired ratio of a first rAAV particle to a second rAAV particle, the method comprising:
transfecting a producer cell preparation with at least a first plasmid encoding a first protein or polypeptide and a second plasmid encoding a second protein or polypeptide; and
culturing the producer cell preparation with the first and second plasmids for a period of time sufficient to result in the production of a heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles comprising a first rAAV particle comprising the first protein or polypeptide and a second rAAV particle comprising the second protein or polypeptide,
wherein the heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles has a ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle that is approximately the same as an input ratio of the first plasmid to the second plasmid.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising transfecting the producer cell preparation with at least one helper plasmid.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one helper plasmid is a first helper plasmid comprising a rep gene and a cap gene and a second helper plasmid comprising an E1a gene, an E1b gene, an E4 gene, an E2a gene, and a VA gene.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising transfecting the producer cell preparation with a third plasmid encoding a third protein or polypeptide to produce a third rAAV particle comprising the third protein or polypeptide.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles has a ratio of the first rAAV particle to the third rAAV particle that is within 10% of the input ratio of the first plasmid to the third plasmid, and/or a ratio of the second rAAV particle to the third rAAV particle that is within 10% of the input ratio of the second plasmid to the third plasmid.
16. A method of producing a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particle preparation having a desired ratio of a first rAAV particle to a second rAAV particle, the method comprising:
infecting a producer cell preparation with at least a first viral particle comprising a first nucleic acid vector encoding a first protein or polypeptide and a second viral particle comprising a second nucleic acid vector encoding a second protein or polypeptide; and
culturing the producer cell preparation with the first and second viral particles for a period of time sufficient to result in the production of a heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles comprising a first rAAV particle comprising the first protein or polypeptide and a second rAAV particle comprising the second protein or polypeptide,
wherein the heterogeneous mixture of rAAV particles has a ratio of the first rAAV particle to the second rAAV particle that is approximately the same as an input ratio of the first nucleic acid vector to the second nucleic acid vector.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first nucleic acid vector is contained within a first herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) particle and the second nucleic acid vector is contained within a second HSV particle.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first nucleic acid vector is contained within a first baculovirus particle and the second nucleic acid vector is contained within a second baculovirus particle.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the culturing comprises incubating the producer cell preparation for at least 24 hours after infecting the producer cell preparation with the first and second viral particles.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising lysing the producer cell preparation and extracting the first rAAV particle and the second rAAV particle.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first rAAV particle and the second rAAV particle are each rAAV9 particles.