Hybrid potable water generator
A hybrid system for freshwater production utilizing the latent heat of condensation of atmospheric air humidity as a source of thermal energy to evaporate freshwater in a brine or saline and delivered to the saline evaporating chamber by a heat pump. Distillates form on both sides of the heat transfer, and intensification of humidity condensation in the air leads to the intensification of saline evaporation contributing to the overall increased yield of freshwater. The process is optimized by integrated systems in which the waste heat of inside and outside sources and the heat sink effect of the saline feed amplify the COP and SEER indexes of the installation. The technological regimes in which the equipment is used are intensified and optimized, cutting the desalination costs to the ranges affordable to the general population residing in arid regions in need of such technology.
1. A hybrid system for concurrent production of potable water from atmospheric moisture and seawater, comprising:
a solar photovoltaic cell connected to a battery which provides electrical power to a compressor and a fan, wherein the compressor is fluidly connected to first, second and third heat exchangers;
wherein the fan is configured to direct a flow of atmospheric air through the second heat exchanger, said air conveyed in an atmospheric water collector,
a saline water evaporation chamber configured so that the flow of the atmospheric air after passing through the second heat exchanger cools the walls of the saline water evaporation chamber which is configured to condense water vapor on an outer cooled roof of the saline water evaporation chamber,
wherein the saline water evaporation chamber contains the first heat exchanger downstream of the compressor and is configured to cool a compressed and hot refrigerant in the first heat-exchanger by passing the compressed and hot refrigerant excess enthalpy to saline water present in the saline water evaporation chamber;
an expansion device downstream of the first heat exchanger to adiabatically expand and cool the refrigerant and pass an expanded and cooled refrigerant through a first exit and a second exit,
wherein the expanded and cooled refrigerant from the first exit passes through the second heat exchanger which is in contact with the flow of atmospheric air to condense water vapor from the atmospheric air,
wherein the expanded and cooled refrigerant from the second exit passes through the third heat exchanger which is in thermal connection with the solar photovoltaic cell and is configured as a heat sink to the solar photovoltaic cell,
wherein the gaseous refrigerant from the second heat exchanger and the solar photovoltaic cell combine downstream of the second and third heat exchangers into a single gaseous refrigerant feed line to the compressor.
2. The hybrid system of claim 1 , wherein the saline evaporation chamber comprises a saline water level sensor connected to a controller, wherein said controller includes program instructions to actuate a pump to supply saline water to the saline evaporation chamber.
3. The hybrid system of claim 1 , wherein the saline water evaporation chamber includes a saline water feed line and is configured to concentrate saline water by evaporating freshwater from saline water.
4. The hybrid system of claim 1 , wherein the saline water evaporation chamber is topped by a vapor barrier which is transparent to solar radiation in the visible range.
5. The hybrid system of claim 4 , further comprising:
a first potable water reservoir hydraulically connected to the saline water evaporation chamber and a second potable water reservoir hydraulically connected to the atmospheric water collector,
wherein each potable water reservoir comprises a potable water level sensor connected to a controller, wherein the controller includes program instructions that turn off the compressor, stop evaporation in the saline water evaporation chamber and simultaneously stops the fan thereby preventing water condensation in both components of the system;
wherein said vapor barrier is a thin film-shaped such that the condensed water vapor slides down along its inner surface under the action of gravity reaching a collection groove at the base of the vapor barrier and flows into the first potable water reservoir either naturally or by the action of a pump.
6. The hybrid system of claim 1 , wherein a concentrated waste saline line in the evaporation chamber is fluidly connected to a reverse osmosis module.
7. A hybrid system for concurrent production of desalinated water from atmospheric moisture and seawater, comprising:
a solar photovoltaic cell connected to a battery which provides electrical power to a compressor and a fan, wherein the compressor is fluidly connected to first, second and third heat exchangers;
wherein the fan is configured to direct a flow of atmospheric air through the second heat exchanger, said air conveyed to an atmospheric water collector,
a saline water evaporation chamber configured so that the flow of the atmospheric air after passing through the second heat exchanger cools an outer surface of the roof of the saline water evaporation chamber and is configured to condense water vapor on a cooled roof of the saline water evaporation chamber,
wherein the saline water evaporation chamber contains the first heat exchanger downstream of the compressor and is configured to cool a compressed and hot refrigerant in the first heat-exchanger by passing thermal energy from the compressed and hot refrigerant to saline water present in the saline water evaporation chamber;
an expansion device downstream of the first heat exchanger to adiabatically expand and cool the refrigerant and pass an expanded and cooled refrigerant through a first exit and a second exit,
wherein the expanded and cooled refrigerant from the first exit passes through the second heat exchanger which is in contact with the flow of atmospheric air to condense water vapor from the atmospheric air in the unit,
wherein the expanded and cooled refrigerant from the second exit passes through the third heat exchanger which is in thermal connection with the solar photovoltaic cell and is configured as a heat sink to the solar photovoltaic cell,
wherein the gaseous refrigerant from the second heat exchanger and the solar photovoltaic cell combine downstream of the second and third heat exchangers into a single gaseous refrigerant feed line to the compressor;
wherein dehumidified cooled air after leaving the atmospheric water collector is flown tangentially to a surface of a water vapor barrier film covering the saline evaporation chamber, wherein the tangential flow is provided by installing a rigid sheath in parallel to said water vapor barrier limiting the saline evaporation chamber, wherein the cool dehumidified airflow is in a turbulent regime in the flat space between the water vapor barrier films, wherein the distance between the films is from 1 to 10 cm; and
wherein the fan-driven flow of the dehumidified air attracts a portion of ambient air also acting as a coolant for the evaporation chamber roof.
8. The hybrid system of claim 7 , wherein the seawater evaporated in the saline water evaporation chamber first contacts any of the photovoltaic cell, a pump, and the compressor.
9. The hybrid system of claim 7 , further comprising:
any of an electric battery, a fuel cell, an electric grid, a power generator, a windmill, a thermal pair, and a reverse electrodialysis module.