Organic light-emitting device
An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer, the emission layer comprises a first host and a dopant, the dopant is an organometallic compound including platinum, the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of: HOMO(D)−HOMO(Host 1)≥0.2 electron volts, HOMO(D) is a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the dopant in electron volts, HOMO(Host 1) is a HOMO) energy level of the first host in electron volts, and HOMO(D) and HOMO(Host 1) are each measured using a photoelectron spectrometer in an ambient atmosphere.
1. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer,
the emission layer comprises a first host and a dopant,
the dopant is an organometallic compound including platinum,
the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of: HOMO(D)−HOMO(Host 1)≥0.2 electron volts,
HOMO(D) is a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the dopant in electron volts,
HOMO(Host 1) is a HOMO energy level of the first host in electron volts, and
HOMO(D) and HOMO(Host 1) are each measured using a photoelectron spectrometer in an ambient atmosphere,
wherein the emission layer further comprises a second host,
the first host is a hole transport host,
the second host is an electron transport host comprising an electron transport moiety, and
the electron transport moiety in the second host is a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.
2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of HOMO(D)−HOMO(Host 1)≥0.22 electron volts.
3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of HOMO(Host1)≤−5.65 electron volts.
4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of HOMO(Host1)−HOMO(Host2)≥0,
HOMO(Host 2) is a HOMO energy level of the second host in electron volts, and
HOMO(Host 2) is measured using a photoelectron spectrometer in an ambient atmosphere.
5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 4 , wherein the electron transport moiety in the second host is a group represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-3:
wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-3,
X 311 is N or C(R 314 ),
X 312 is O, S, or N(R 319 ),
X 313 is O, S, or N(R 324 ),
R 311 to R 324 are each independently a binding site to a neighboring atom, hydrogen, deuterium, —F —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
at least one of R 311 to R 313 is a binding site to a neighboring atom,
at least one of R 315 to R 318 is a binding site to a neighboring atom, and
at least one of R 320 to R 323 is a binding site to a neighboring atom.
6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first host is a carbazole-containing compound that does not comprise an electron transport moiety.
7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first host is a carbazole-containing compound comprising an electron transport moiety, and
the electron transport moiety is a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.
8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first host is a carbazole-containing compound represented by Formula 4:
wherein, in Formula 4,
L 401 to L 402 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,
a401 to a402 are each independently an integer from 0 to 5,
R 401 and R 402 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
R 403 to R 406 are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,
b401 and b402 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5,
b403 and b406 are each independently an integer from 1 to 4, and
b404 and b405 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3.
9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 8 , wherein L 401 , L 402 , R 401 , and R 402 do not comprise an electron transport moiety.
10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 9 , wherein at least one of L 401 , L 402 , R 401 , and R 402 comprises an electron transport moiety, and
the electron transport moiety is represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-3:
wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-3,
X 311 is N or C(R 314 ),
X 312 is O, S, or N(R 319 ),
X 313 is O, S, or N(R 324 ),
R 311 to R 324 are each independently selected from a binding site to a neighboring atom, hydrogen, deuterium, —F —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 arylalkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 heteroarylalkyl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group
at least one of R 311 to R 313 is a binding site to a neighboring atom,
at least one of R 315 to R 318 is a binding site to a neighboring atom, and
at least one of R 320 to R 323 is a binding site to a neighboring atom.
11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is an organometallic compound comprising platinum and an organic ligand, and
the platinum and the organic ligand form one cyclometalated ring, two cyclometalated rings, or three cyclometalated rings.
12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is an organometallic compound comprising platinum and an organic ligand, and
the organic ligand is a tetradentate ligand coordinated to the platinum, wherein the platinum and the organic ligand form three cyclometalated rings or four cyclometalated rings.
13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is an organometallic compound including platinum and an organic ligand,
the organic ligand is a tetradentate ligand coordinated to the platinum, wherein the platinum and the organic ligand form three cyclometalated rings or four cyclometalated rings, and
the tetradentate organic ligand comprises at least one of benzimidazole, benzoxazole, or benzothiazole.
14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
the first electrode is an anode,
the second electrode is a cathode,
the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer,
an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode,
the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and
the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the hole transport region comprises a first hole transport material and satisfies T1(HT1)≥T1(D),
wherein T1(HT1) is a triplet energy level of the first hole transport material,
T1(D) is a triplet energy level of the dopant in electron volts, and
T1(HT1) and T1(D) are each measured using a density functional theory (DFT) method of a Gaussian program structurally optimized at a B3LYP level and a 6-31G(d,p) level.
16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the hole transport region comprises a hole transport layer or interlayer,
the hole transport layer or interlayer comprises a first hole transport material,
the hole transport layer or interlayer is in direct contact with the emission layer,
the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of T1(HT1)≥T1(D),
T1(HT1) is a T1 energy level of the first hole transport material in electron volts,
T1(D) is a T1 energy level of the dopant in electron volts, and
T1(HT1) and T1(D) are each measured using a density functional theory (DFT) method of a Gaussian program structurally optimized at a B3LYP level and a 6-31G(d,p) level.
17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the hole transport region further comprises a p-dopant.
18. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode;
m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising at least one emission layer; and
m-1 charge generating layers disposed between two adjacent emission units, wherein the emission units are the m emission units, wherein each of the charge generating layers comprises a n-type charge generating layer and a p-type charge generating layer,
wherein m is an integer of 2 or more,
a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one first emission unit among the m emission units is different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted from at least one second emission unit among the other emission units,
the at least one emission layer comprises a first host and a dopant,
the dopant is an organometallic compound including platinum,
the organic light-emitting device satisfies a condition of HOMO(D)−HOMO(Host 1)≥0.2 electron volts,
HOMO(D) is a HOMO energy level of the dopant in electron volts,
HOMO(Host 1) is a HOMO energy level of the first host in electron volts, and
HOMO(D) and HOMO(Host 1) are each measured using a photoelectron spectrometer in an ambient atmosphere,
wherein the at least one emission layer further comprises a second host,
the first host is a hole transport host,
the second host is an electron transport host comprising an electron transport moiety, and
the electron transport moiety in the second host is a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.