Controlling a quantum processor via quantum programming field payloads
A system comprises pulse instruction memory and pulse generation circuitry, wherein the pulse generation circuitry is operable to retrieve a pulse instruction from the pulse instruction memory, and concurrently generate one or more analog pulses based on a first one or more fields present in the pulse instruction, and one or more digital pulses based on a second one or more fields present in the pulse instruction.
1 . A system comprising:
pulse instruction memory configured to store pulse instructions, the pulse instructions including operations that condition one or more analog pulses on inbound quantum readout signals; and
pulse generation circuitry operable to:
retrieve a pulse instruction from the pulse instruction memory and based on a first one or more fields present in the pulse instruction:
retrieve the one or more analog pulses from a pulse memory;
perform one or more transformations to the one or more analog pulses in response to the inbound quantum readout signals, to dynamically determine one or more of a phase, frequency, amplitude, or timing of outbound control pulses;
output the outbound control pulses to one or more quantum elements through shared pulser circuitry that is dynamically assignable across multiple quantum elements; and
complete a feedback loop between the inbound quantum readout signals and the outbound control pulses within a time less than a coherence time of the one or more quantum elements.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the pulse generation circuitry comprises a plurality of pulse generation circuits;
the pulse instruction memory comprises a plurality of pulse instruction memory circuits, each associated with a respective one of the plurality of pulse generation circuits;
the pulse instruction includes a sync field;
a first of the plurality of pulse generation circuits is operable to:
detect a particular value in the sync field;
send a sync ready indication to one or more others of the plurality of pulse generation circuits in response to the detection of the particular value in the sync field; and
the first of the plurality of pulse generation circuits is operable to wait for a ready indication from the one or more others of the plurality of pulse generation circuits before moving to a next pulse instruction.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include an IQ mode field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine, based on the IQ mode field, whether the pulse instruction triggers generation of an independent pulse or a pulse pair.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a pulse method field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine, based on the pulse method field, which of one or more pulse generation methods to use for generating the analog pulse, the one or more pulse generation methods selected from:
a constant pulse generation method;
an arbitrary pulse generation method;
a compressed pulse generation method; and
a ramp pulse generation method.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the ramp pulse generation method is a method in which amplitude of the one or more analog pulses is dependent on amplitude of one or more previous pulses generated by the pulse generation circuitry.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a linear transformation field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine, based on the linear transformation field, whether to apply a linear transformation to the analog pulse.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the pulse generation circuitry is operable to, in response to the linear transformation field indicating that a linear transformation is to be applied, multiply the analog pulse with a value.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a field that contains an identifier of a value to be used for manipulating phase, frequency, and amplitude of the analog pulse; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
retrieve the value using the identifier; and
perform the one or more transformations based on the value.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a field that contains an identifier of a convolution transformation to be applied to the analog pulse to convolve the analog pulse with a preconfigured convolution pattern; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
retrieve the convolution pattern using the identifier; and
perform the one or more transformations using the convolution pattern.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a field that contains an identifier of an amplification transformation to be applied to the scale values of the pulse according to a preconfigured table; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
retrieve the table using the identifier; and
perform the one or more transformations using the table.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include an analog port field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to output the analog pulse to a port specified in the analog port field.
12 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a signal processor, wherein:
the first one or more fields include a field that contains an address in memory of a processor program to be executed by the signal processor during execution of the pulse instruction by the pulse generation circuitry; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to trigger execution of the processor program by the signal processor.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a field that specifies a delay period; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to trigger the program to begin executing after the delay period.
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein one or more parameters used for the one or more transformations are calculated by the pulse generation circuitry during execution of the pulse instruction or execution of one or more previous pulse instructions.
15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a first field that indicates whether a duration of execution of the pulse instruction is predetermined or is to be calculated during execution of the pulse instruction or previous pulse instructions; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine a duration of execution of the pulse instruction based on the first field.
16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein:
when the duration of execution is predetermined, the first one or more fields include a third field that contains a duration of execution of the pulse instruction; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine a duration of execution of the pulse instruction based on the third field.
17 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a timestamp register, wherein:
the first one or more fields include a step-to-grid field that specifies whether the duration of execution of the instruction is to be extended until a value of the timestamp register meets one or more criteria; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to execute the pulse instruction the step-to-grid field includes a Boolean value, and based on the Boolean value executes the pulse instruction at a first time or at a second time.
18 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a branch method field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine which of a plurality of branching methods to use based on the branch method field.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a first field comprising a first address and a second field comprising a second address; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to determine whether to next execute a first instruction at the first address or a second instruction at the second address based on the branch method field.
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
determine the branch method;
using the determined branch method, branch to the appropriate address (first or second); and
when at the appropriate address, determine whether to next execute the first instruction at the first address or a second instruction at the second address during execution of the pulse instruction or during execution of one or more previous pulse instructions.
21 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a sync field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to send a sync ready indication to one or more other pulsers in response to detecting a particular value in the sync field.
22 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a break enable field; and
when the break enable field contains a first value, the pulse generation circuitry is operable to break out of the pulse instruction and proceed to a next instruction upon receiving a break signal during execution of the pulse instruction.
23 . The system of claim 22 , further comprising a signal processor operable to generate the break signal based on calculations performed during execution of the first instruction.
24 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a pause field; and
when the pause field contains a first value, the pulse generation circuitry is operable to pause execution of the instruction until a resume indication is received.
25 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the pulse instruction includes a second one or more fields; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to generate one or more digital pulses based on the second one or more fields.
26 . The system of claim 25 , wherein:
the second one or more fields include a digital route field that indicates a destination of the one or more digital pulses; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to route the one or more digital pulses to one or more digital output ports based on a value of the digital route field.
27 . The system of claim 26 , wherein:
the second one or more fields include a digital transformation field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to transform the digital pulse based on content of the digital transformation field.
28 . The system of claim 27 , wherein the transformation of the digital pulse comprises a delay of the digital pulse.
29 . The system of claim 27 , wherein the transformation of the digital pulse comprises an increase of a duration of the digital pulse.
30 . The system of claim 27 , wherein the transformation of the digital pulse comprises a convolution of the digital pulse with a preconfigured digital pattern.
31 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more registers configured to store a value corresponding to a phase of a qubit, wherein:
the first one or more fields include a phase reset field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
reset the value corresponding to the phase of the qubit when the phase reset field contains a particular value; and
not reset the value corresponding to the phase of the qubit when the phase reset field does not contain the particular value.
32 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a digital to analog converter (DAC) mode field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to control a rate at which samples of the one or more analog pulses are sent to a digital to analog converter based on the DAC mode field.
33 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a quantum processor, wherein:
the first one or more fields include a conditional pulse field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to:
if the conditional pulse field contains a first value, release the one or more analog pulses to the quantum processor; and
if the conditional pulse field contains a second value, determine whether to release the one or more analog pulses to the quantum processor based on a value.
34 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first one or more fields include:
a frame enable field that indicates whether a frame of reference for a qubit is to be updated; and
one or more fields that contains a value to use for updating the frame of reference of the qubit.
35 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a processor,
wherein the first one or more fields include:
a frame enable field that indicates whether a frame of reference for a qubit is to be updated; and
a field that indicates whether a value to use for updating the frame of reference of the qubit is to be generated by a processor during runtime.
36 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first one or more fields include a correction enable field; and
the pulse generation circuitry is operable to, in response to a value in the correction enable field, compensate for imperfections of a transmission line via which the pulse generation circuitry is coupled to a quantum element.