Hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite pozzolan-based geopolymer cement and concrete and method of making and using same
The invention comprises a cementitious material comprising a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to 40 μm. The cementitious material also comprising an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer. A method making a cementitious material is also disclosed.
1. A cementitious material comprising:
a natural pozzolan selected from hyaloclastite, sideromelane, tachylite or combinations or mixtures thereof, wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
an aqueous alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer.
2. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm.
3. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 10 μm.
4. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 5 μm.
5. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution comprises a hydroxide selected from NaOH, KOH, CaOH, and other minerals or compounds having reactive hydroxyl groups.
6. The cementitious material of claim 5 , wherein the hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
7. The cementitious material of claim 5 , wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution further comprises a water-soluble alkali metal silicate.
8. The cementitious material of claim 7 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
9. The cementitious material of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous alkaline activating solution comprises sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
10. The cementitious material of claim 1 further comprising aggregate.
11. A cementitious-based material comprising:
aggregate;
hyaloclastite having a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
an alkaline activating solution comprising:
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; and
water.
12. The cementitious-based material of claim 11 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm.
13. The cementitious-based material of claim 11 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 10 μm.
14. The cementitious-based material of claim 11 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume volume-based mean size of less than or equal to approximately 5 μm.
15. The cementitious-based material of claim 11 further comprising a water-soluble alkali metal silicate.
16. The cementitious-based material of claim 15 , wherein the water-soluble alkali metal silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
17. A cementitious-based material comprising:
aggregate;
hyaloclastite having a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 40 μm; and
an alkaline activating solution suitable for forming a geopolymer comprising:
a compound having a reactive hydroxyl group; and
water.
18. The cementitious-based material of claim 17 , wherein the compound having a reactive hydroxyl group is NaOH, KOH or CaOH.
19. The cementitious-based material of claim 18 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm.
20. The cementitious-based material of claim 18 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a volume-based mean particle size of less than or equal to approximately 10 μm.