Tactile warning panel apparatus with smart technology
Multipurpose tactile warning panels for use in pedestrian walkways, and in particular tactile warning panels that are designed and built with multifunction/multipurpose capabilities that serve the visually impaired and enable the deployment of smart city technology by integrating tactile warning systems and subsurface enclosures that can withstand pressures of five (5) tons up to and exceeding sixty (60) tons and incorporate small cells, beacons, sensors, Fog Computing, electric energy generation, rechargeable power supplies, wireless M2M communication and a plethora of other smart city technologies.
1. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on
a pedestrian walkway comprising:
a surface tactile panel system with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; and
one or more subsurface enclosures; and
one or more transmitters, sensors, receivers, electronic equipment, antenna or batteries associated therewith,
wherein the surface tractile panel comprises an electromagnetic pulse shield.
2. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is selected from the group consisting of a surface tactile panel with a minimum load limit of five tons and a non-load bearing surface tactile panel attached to a subsurface base panel where the combination is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.
3. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal, glass, ceramic material, thermoset plastic, thermoplastic, polymeric material, plastic composite, polyurethane with glass fiber, fiber reinforced plastic, concrete, polymer concrete, fiber reinforced foam, graphene, sheet molding compound, bulk molding compound and combinations thereof.
4. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said surface tactile panel system is formed from a material that allows radio frequency propagation and transmission through the surface tactile panel system from an antenna positioned below the surface tactile panel system.
5. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures are separate from and beneath said load bearing surface tactile panel.
6. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 2 , wherein said load bearing surface tactile panel is physically connected to the subsurface enclosure or enclosures.
7. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features comprise a pattern selected from the group consisting of an attention pattern of a plurality of raised truncated domes or cones and a guiding pattern with a plurality of raised bars.
8. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said pedestrian walkway has a ground surface substrate and said surface tactile panel system is seated in a frame which is molded, formed or installed in said ground surface substrate.
9. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 8 , wherein said frame which is molded, formed or installed in the surrounding ground surface substrate is load bearing with a minimum load limit of five tons.
10. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 8 , wherein said frame is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of metal, aluminum, ceramic material, thermoset plastic, thermoplastic, polymeric material, plastic composite, polyurethane with glass fiber, fiber reinforced plastic, concrete, polymer concrete, graphene, sheet molding compound, bulk molding compound or a combination thereof.
11. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 8 , further comprising a plurality of releasable fasteners, wherein said surface tactile panel system is releasably attachable to said frame with said releasable fasteners which are tamper-proof and/or lockable.
12. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures are immediately below and adjacent to said surface tactile panel system.
13. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said sub-surface enclosure or enclosures are formed from concrete, polymer concrete, fiberglass reinforced concrete, fiberglass, fiber composite, fiber reinforced plastic, metal, plastic composites, polymeric materials, thermoset plastic, thermoplastic, composite materials, graphene, sheet molding compound, bulk molding compound and combinations thereof.
14. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures have a removable lid and both the enclosure and removable lid are watertight and/or waterproof.
15. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures have waterproof penetrations therein to facilitate conduit and external connections entering or exiting said subsurface enclosure or enclosures.
16. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said subsurface enclosure or enclosures houses transmitters, receivers, sensors, computers, small cell radios, Wi-Fi equipment, rechargeable power, batteries, fans, ventilation equipment, cooling equipment, wireless equipment or other electronic equipment.
17. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more antenna, transmitters, receivers, sensors or other electronic equipment are physically integrated, molded into or under said surface tactile panel system.
18. The multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 , wherein said surface tactile panel has thereon a high-resolution image of two or more colors having an image resolution of greater than 120×120 DPI.
19. A multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system for placement into or on a pedestrian walkway comprising:
a surface tactile panel with a planar surface having thereon a plurality of distinct spatially raised, three dimensional features arranged in a pattern to be detected by tactile sensation; and
a lower surface securement plate system having one or more preformed void cavities therein configured to house electronic components selected from the group consisting of transmitters, receivers, rechargeable power supplies, beacons, computer processors, antennae or combinations thereof, wherein the surface tractile panel comprises an electromagnetic pulse shield.
20. A method of providing communication between a tactile warning device and an external transmitter or receiver for the purpose of sending or receiving a signal to or from the multipurpose tactile warning panel apparatus and system of claim 1 and an external transmitter or receiver.