Detecting infection using personalized criteria
A triage system that determines whether a user is likely to have contracted a disease based on sensor data received from a user device (e.g., a smartphone or activity tracker). Some symptoms are identified by comparing sensor data to a predetermined baseline and comparing the difference to a predetermined symptom threshold. Those comparisons are weighted to form a composite metric, which is compared to a composite threshold to determine if the user is likely to have contracted the disease. Because different individuals are at higher risk of contracting certain diseases, the determined based on specific characteristics of the user (e.g., potential comorbidities, age, gender, ethnic, racial, cultural, or economic status, geographic location, level of interaction with other individuals, etc.) that that have been identified in medical literature as increasing the individual's risk.
1. A computer implemented method for determining whether a user is likely to have contracted a communicable disease, the method comprising:
identifying one or more personal characteristics of a user indicative of an increased likelihood of contracting the communicable disease;
receiving sensor data from a user device;
for each of a plurality of symptoms of the communicable disease, calculating a symptom metric indicative of the likelihood that the user is experiencing the symptom, wherein at least one of the plurality of symptom metrics is calculated by comparing the sensor data to a predetermined baseline and comparing a difference between the sensor data and the predetermined baseline to at least one symptom threshold;
weighing each of the symptom metrics to form a composite metric indicative of the likelihood that the user is likely to have contracted the communicable disease;
identifying a composite threshold for determining if the user is likely to have contracted the communicable disease based on the one or more personal characteristics of the user; and
determining whether the user is likely to have contracted the disease by comparing the composite metric to the composite threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include a potential comorbidity of the user.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include at least one of an age, gender, ethnic, racial, cultural, or economic status of the user.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include a geographic location of the user.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include the user's level of interaction with other individuals.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing functionality to adjust one or more of the symptoms of the disease, one or more of the predetermined symptom thresholds, the weights of one or more of the symptom metrics, and/or one or more composite thresholds.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the symptom metrics is identified based on indirect evidence, received from the user device, that the user is experiencing the at least one symptom.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
one of the plurality of symptoms is a fever and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing a fever comprises information indicative of the heart rate or heart rate variability of the user; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is fatigue and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing fatigue comprises movement of the user device or a wearable device in communication with the user device; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is dyspnea and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing dyspnea comprises respiratory rate or pulse oxygenation data; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is anosmia or ageusia and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing anosmia or ageusia comprises sound, recorded by a microphone, that is analyzed using speech detection algorithms to identify phrases in the recorded sound indicative of anosmia or ageusia.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein one of the plurality of symptoms is a cough and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing a cough comprises sound, recorded by a microphone of the user device, that is analyzed to identify sounds indicative of a cough.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving and storing locations of the user device; and
in response to a determination that the user is likely to have contracted the disease, identifying additional devices in the location of the user device and outputting information to the users of the additional devices.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein receiving the locations of the user device and identifying additional devices in the location of the user device comprises:
identifying the additional devices within range of the user device via direct, short range, wireless communication signals; or
identifying local area networks joined by the user device and the additional devices joined to the local area network.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite threshold is further based on one or more personal characteristics of the user indicative of an increased likelihood that a person contracting the disease will experience severe symptoms.
13. A system for determining whether a user is likely to have contracted a communicable disease, the method comprising:
a server in network communication with a user device;
a software application that is downloadable to and executable by the user device;
non-transitory computer readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by the server and/or the user device, cause the system to:
identify one or more personal characteristics of a user indicative of an increased likelihood of contracting the communicable disease;
receive sensor data from the user device;
for each of a plurality of symptoms of the corn communicable disease, calculate a symptom metric indicative of the likelihood that the user is experiencing the symptom, wherein at least one of the plurality of symptom metrics is calculated by comparing the sensor data to a predetermined baseline and comparing a difference between the sensor data and the predetermined baseline to at least one symptom threshold;
weigh each of the symptom metrics to form a composite metric indicative of the likelihood that the user is likely to have contracted the communicable disease;
identify a composite threshold for determining if the user is likely to have contracted the communicable disease based on the one or more personal characteristics of the user; and
determine whether the user is likely to have contracted the communicable disease by comparing the composite metric to the composite threshold.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include a potential comorbidity of the user.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include at least one of an age, gender, ethnic, racial, cultural, or economic status of the user.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include a geographic location of the user.
17. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more personal characteristics used to determine the composite threshold for the user include the user's level of interaction with other individuals.
18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the server provides functionality to adjust one or more of the symptoms of the disease, one or more of the predetermined symptom thresholds, the weights of one or more of the symptom metrics, and/or one or more composite thresholds.
19. The system of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the symptom metrics is identified based on indirect evidence, received from the user device, that the user is experiencing the at least one symptom.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein:
one of the plurality of symptoms is a fever and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing a fever comprises information indicative of the heart rate or heart rate variability of the user; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is fatigue and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing fatigue comprises movement of the user device or a wearable device in communication with the user device; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is dyspnea and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing dyspnea comprises respiratory rate or pulse oxygenation data; or
one of the plurality of symptoms is anosmia or ageusia and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing anosmia or ageusia comprises sound, recorded by a microphone, that is analyzed using speech detection algorithms to identify phrases in the recorded sound indicative of anosmia or ageusia.
21. The system of claim 19 , wherein one of the plurality of symptoms is a cough and the indirect evidence that the user is experiencing a cough comprises sound, recorded by a microphone of the user device, that is analyzed to identify sounds indicative of a cough.
22. The system of claim 13 , wherein the instructions further cause the system to:
store locations of the user device; and
in response to a determination that the user is likely to have contracted the disease, identifying additional devices in the location of the user device and outputting information to the users of the additional devices.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein receiving the locations of the user device and identifying additional devices in the location of the user device comprises:
identifying the additional devices within range of the user device via direct, short range, wireless communication signals; or
identifying local area networks joined by the user device and the additional devices joined to the local area network.
24. The system of claim 13 , wherein the composite threshold is further based on one or more personal characteristics of the user indicative of an increased likelihood that a person contracting the disease will experience severe symptoms.