Rigidized assisted opening system for high altitude parafoils
A parafoil for operation at high altitudes, in low density air, or at low airspeeds, and methods for opening same. Some versions of the parafoil comprise flexible members connected to the parafoil canopy. When the parafoil canopy is in a stowed configuration, the members are deformed, storing elastic energy. When the canopy is released from its stowed configuration, the members spring back to their undeformed shapes, thereby opening or assisting with opening the canopy. The flexible member may also be attached to a base structure, which is attached to the payload. The members may comprise rods or hollow tubes that can be flexed using a fulcrum near the base structure, or a spacer plate, so that the ends connected to the canopy are restrained by a parachute bag containing the stowed or packed canopy. The parachute bag can be opened prior to or during detachment of the parafoil from the flight vehicle.
1. A high altitude parafoil comprising:
a base structure configured to be attached with a payload and to be releasably attached to a high altitude balloon;
a first elongated wing tip support hingedly connected with the base structure;
a second elongated wing tip support hingedly connected with the base structure;
a canopy connected to the first and second wing tip supports,
wherein the first and second wing tip supports are configured to flex in a stowed configuration and to be released from the stowed configuration to spring open into a deployed flight configuration; and
a plurality of suspension lines connecting the canopy to the base structure, wherein one or more of the plurality of suspension lines are configured to support the weight of the payload during flight of the high altitude balloon.
2. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , wherein the first and second elongated wing tip supports are configured to rotate freely relative to the base structure when released from the stowed configuration.
3. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first hinge that couples a lower end of the first wing tip support with the base structure; and
a second hinge that couples a lower end of the second wing tip support with the base structure,
wherein the first wing tip support is configured to rotate about the first hinge as the first wing tip support springs open from the stowed configuration into the deployed flight configuration, and
wherein the second wing tip support is configured to rotate about the second hinge as the second wing tip support springs open from the stowed configuration into the deployed flight configuration.
4. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , wherein one or more other of the plurality of the suspension lines are configured to be slack during ascent and taut after the parafoil is released from the high altitude balloon.
5. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising a ring coupled with an upper end of one or more of the one or more suspension lines, wherein the ring is configured to couple with a connection device for connecting the parafoil to the high altitude balloon located above the parafoil, and wherein the one or more of the one or more suspension lines is configured to transfer a load due to the payload to the high altitude balloon.
6. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising:
a release mechanism coupled with the base structure; and
a tether releasably coupled with the base structure via the release mechanism,
wherein, in the stowed configuration, the tether extends from the release mechanism and through the canopy and is configured to couple with a connection device for connection to the high altitude balloon located above the parafoil,
and wherein release of the tether from the release mechanism will release the parafoil from the high altitude balloon.
7. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first plunger moveably coupled with an upper end of the first wing tip support; and
a second plunger moveably coupled with an upper end of the second wing tip support,
wherein the first plunger is configured to vary the position of the upper end of the first wing tip support along an axis defined by the first wing tip support in the deployed flight configuration, and
wherein the second plunger is configured to vary the position of the upper end of the second wing tip support along an axis defined by the second wing tip support in the deployed flight configuration.
8. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising a restraint configured to restrain the first and second wing tip supports in the stowed configuration.
9. The high altitude parafoil of claim 8 , wherein the restraint is a closure loop configured to restrain the canopy and the first and second wing tip supports in the stowed configuration.
10. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first fulcrum coupled with the base structure near a lower end of the first wing tip support; and
a second fulcrum coupled with the base structure near a lower end of the second wing tip support,
wherein the first and second fulcrums are configured to fix the lower ends of the first and second wing tip supports, respectively, at an initial angle in the stowed configuration.
11. The high altitude parafoil of claim 10 , wherein the initial angle is approximately 22 degrees.
12. The high altitude parafoil of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third elongated wing tip support connected to the canopy and hingedly connected with the base structure;
a fourth elongated wing tip support connected to the canopy and hingedly connected with the base structure;
a fifth elongated wing tip support connected to the canopy and hingedly connected with the base structure; and
a sixth elongated wing tip support connected to the canopy and hingedly connected with the base structure,
wherein the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth wing tip supports are configured to flex in the stowed configuration and to be released from the stowed configuration to spring open into the deployed flight configuration.
13. The high altitude parafoil of claim 12 , wherein the canopy further comprises:
a nose extending between first and second ends of the canopy and coupled with an upper end of the fifth wing tip support; and
a tail extending between the first and second ends of the canopy, the tail located opposite the nose and coupled with an upper end of the sixth wing tip support,
wherein the first end of the canopy is further coupled with an upper end of the third wing tip support, and the second end of the canopy is further coupled with an upper end of the fourth wing tip support.
14. A high altitude parafoil for supporting a payload and releasably attaching to a flight vehicle, the high altitude parafoil comprising:
a base structure configured to be attached with the payload;
a first elongated wing tip support rotatably connected with the base structure;
a second elongated wing tip support rotatably connected with the base structure;
a canopy connected to the first and second wing tip supports, wherein the first and second wing tip supports are configured to flex in a restrained stowed configuration and to be released from the stowed configuration to rotate and straighten out into a deployed flight configuration to spread open the canopy;
a plurality of suspension lines connecting the canopy to the base structure, wherein one or more of the plurality of suspension lines are configured to support the weight of the payload during flight of the flight vehicle; and
a tether coupled with the parafoil and configured to couple to the flight vehicle, wherein releasing the tether will release the parafoil from the flight vehicle.
15. The high altitude parafoil of claim 14 , wherein the tether is coupled with the base structure.
16. The high altitude parafoil of claim 14 , wherein the tether is configured to release from the parafoil.
17. The high altitude parafoil of claim 14 , wherein the flight vehicle comprises a high altitude balloon.