Microfluidic chips including a gutter to facilitate loading thereof and related methods
A microfluidic chip can comprise a body and a microfluidic network defined by the body. The network can include one or more inlet ports, a test volume, and one or more flow paths extending between the inlet port(s) and the test volume. Along each of the flow path(s), fluid is permitted to flow from one of the inlet port(s), through at least one droplet-generating region in which a minimum cross-sectional area of the flow path increases along the flow path, and to the test volume. The network can include a gutter disposed along at least a portion of a periphery of the test volume such that fluid from the flow path(s) is not permitted to flow into the gutter without flowing through the test volume, wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 10% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery.
1 . A microfluidic chip comprising:
a body; and
a microfluidic network defined by the body, the microfluidic network including:
one or more inlet ports;
a test volume;
one or more flow paths extending between the inlet port(s) and the test volume, wherein, along each of the flow path(s), fluid is permitted to flow from one of the inlet port(s), through at least one droplet-generating region in which a minimum cross-sectional area of the flow path increases along the flow path, and to the test volume; and
a gutter disposed along at least a portion of a periphery of the test volume such that fluid from the flow path(s) is not permitted to flow into the gutter without flowing through the test volume and droplets generated by the droplet-generating region(s) are permitted to flow into the gutter from the test volume, wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 10% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery.
2 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the gutter is disposed along at least a majority of the periphery of the test volume.
3 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 90% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery.
4 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic network includes one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with the gutter such that fluid is permitted to flow from the gutter to the outlet port(s) without flowing through the test volume.
5 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein:
the depth of the test volume is between 15 and 90 micrometers (μm); and
the depth of the gutter is at least 100 μm.
6 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein the depth of the test volume is substantially the same across the test volume.
7 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein each of the flow path(s) includes, in the at least one droplet-generating region, a constricting section, a constant section, and an expanding section such that fluid is permitted to exit the constricting section into the constant section and flow to the expanding section, wherein:
the depth of the constant section is at least 10% larger than the depth of the constricting section and is substantially the same along at least 90% of a length of the constant section; and
the depth of the expanding section increases moving away from the constant section.
8 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein a maximum transverse dimension of the gutter, taken perpendicularly to the centerline of the gutter, is less than or equal to 10% of each of the width and length of the test volume.
9 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein:
the microfluidic network is a first microfluidic network; and
the body defines a second microfluidic network including:
one or more inlet ports;
a test volume;
one or more flow paths extending between the inlet port(s) and the test volume, wherein, along each of the flow path(s), fluid is permitted to flow from one of the inlet port(s), through at least one droplet-generating region in which a minimum cross-sectional area of the flow path increases along the flow path, and to the test volume; and
a gutter disposed along at least a portion of a periphery of the test volume such that fluid from the flow path(s) is not permitted to flow into the gutter without flowing through the test volume and droplets generated by the droplet-generating region(s) are permitted to flow into the gutter from the test volume, wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 10% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery.
10 . The chip of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more flow paths include two or more flow paths; and
each of the flow paths opens into a same interior volume of the test volume.
11 . A method of loading a microfluidic chip, the method comprising:
disposing a liquid within a first one of one or more inlet ports of a microfluidic network that includes:
a test volume;
one or more flow paths extending between the inlet port(s) and the test volume; and
a gutter disposed along at least a portion of a periphery of the test volume such that fluid from the flow path(s) is not permitted to flow into the gutter without flowing through the test volume, wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 10% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery; and
directing at least a portion of the liquid along a first one of the flow path(s) such that the portion of the liquid flows from the first inlet port, through at least one droplet- generating region in which a minimum cross-sectional area of the first flow path increases along the first flow path to generate droplets of the portion of the liquid, the droplets flow into the test volume, and at least some of the droplets flow into the gutter from the test volume.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the gutter is disposed along at least a majority of the periphery of the test volume.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 90% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the microfluidic network includes one or more outlet ports in fluid communication with the gutter; and
directing at least a portion of the liquid along the first flow path is performed such that at least some of the droplets flow from the test volume, to the gutter, and to one of the outlet port(s).
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
each of the droplets has a volume that is between 25 and 500 picoliters;
the depth of the test volume is between 15 and 90 micrometers (μm); and
the depth of the gutter is at least 100 μm.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the depth of the test volume is substantially the same across the test volume.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
in the at least one droplet-generating region, the first flow path includes:
a constricting section;
a constant section having a depth that is at least 10 % larger than the depth of the constricting section and is substantially the same along at least 90% of a length of the constant section; and
an expanding section having a depth that increases moving away from the constant section; and
directing at least a portion of the liquid along the first flow path is performed such that the portion of the liquid exits the constricting section into the constant section and flows to the expanding section.
18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein directing at least a portion of the liquid along the first flow path is performed at least by:
(1) reducing pressure at the first inlet port such that gas flows from the test volume, along at least one of the flow path(s), and out of the first inlet port; and
(2) increasing pressure at the first inlet port such that the portion of the liquid flows from the first inlet port, through at least one of the droplet-generating region(s), and to the test volume.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a maximum transverse dimension of the gutter, taken perpendicularly to the centerline of the gutter, is less than or equal to 10% of each of the width and length of the test volume.
20 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the microfluidic network is a first microfluidic network;
the liquid is a first liquid; and
the method comprises:
disposing a second liquid within a first one of one or more inlet ports of a second microfluidic network that includes:
a test volume;
one or more flow paths extending between the inlet port(s) and the test volume; and
a gutter disposed along at least a portion of a periphery of the test volume such that fluid from the flow path(s) is not permitted to flow into the gutter without flowing through the test volume, wherein, along the gutter, a depth of the gutter is at least 10% larger than the depth of the test volume at the periphery; and
while directing at least a portion of the first liquid along the first flow path of the first microfluidic network, directing at least a portion of the second liquid along a first one of the flow path(s) of the second microfluidic network such that the portion of the second liquid flows from the first inlet port, through at least one droplet-generating region in which a minimum cross-sectional area of the first flow path increases along the first flow path to generate droplets of the portion of the second liquid, the droplets flow into the test volume, and at least some of the droplets flow into the gutter from the test volume.