Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and energy device including the same
A nonaqueous electrolytic solution may include a nonaqueous solvent and a compound of formula (1): wherein, R 1 to R 5 are each independently H or an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and optionally a substituent; R 6 is an organic group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom; X is C, S, or P; when X is C, l=0, m=1, and n=1, when X is S, l=0, m=2, and n=1, and when X is P, l=0, m=1, and n=2 or l=1, m=1, and n=1; k is an integer of 2 to 4; and Y is a direct bond or a linking group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom, and when Y is a direct bond, the compound has an X-X bond and k=2.
1 . A compound of Formula (1):
wherein,
R 1 to R 5 are each independently H or an optionally substituted alkyl group comprising 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
R 6 is an organic group comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom,
X is C, S, or P,
when X is C, l=0, m=1, and n=1, when X is S, l=0, m=2, and n=1, and when X is P, l=0, m=1, and n=2 or l=1, m=1, and n=1,
k is an integer in a range of from 2 to 4; and
Y is a direct bond or a linking group comprising 4 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom, and when Y is a direct bond, the compound has an X-X bond and k=2.
2 . The compound of claim 1 , wherein, in Formula (1), Y is an alkylene group comprising 4 carbon atoms.
3 . A nonaqueous electrolytic solution, comprising:
a nonaqueous solvent; and
a compound of Formula (1):
wherein,
R 1 to R 5 are each independently H or an optionally substituted alkyl group that has 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
R 6 is an organic group comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom,
X is C, S, or P,
when X is C, l=0, m=1, and n=1, when X is S, l=0, m=2, and n=1, and when X is P, l=0, m=1, and n=2 or l=1, m=1, and n=1,
k is an integer in a range of from 2 to 4, and
Y is a direct bond or a linking group comprising 4 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom, and when Y is a direct bond, the compound has an X-X bond and k=2.
4 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein, in Formula (1), all of R 1 to R 5 are H.
5 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein Y is absent in Formula (1) and the compound has an X-X bond.
6 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein, in Formula (1), X is P and R 6 is a methyl group or an ethyl group.
7 . The solution of claim 1 , wherein a content of the compound of formula (1) is in a range of from 0.01% to 10% by mass, relative to 100% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
8 . The solution of claim 3 , further comprising:
an electrolyte.
9 . The solution of claim 3 , further comprising:
a cyclic carbonate comprising an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond,
a cyclic carbonate comprising a fluorine atom, and/or
a salt comprising fluorine.
10 . An energy device, comprising:
a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing a metal ion;
a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing a metal ion; and
the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of claim 3 .
11 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a layered transition metal oxide.
12 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a carbon compound.
13 . An electric vehicle, comprising:
the device of claim 10 as an energy source.
14 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein, in Formula (1), Y is an alkylene group comprising 4 carbon atoms.
15 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a first layered transition metal oxide and a second layered transition metal oxide.
16 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein the compound of Formula (1) comprises
17 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein the compound of Formula (1) comprises
18 . The solution of claim 3 , wherein, in the compound of Formula (1), X is S.
19 . A compound of Formula (2):
wherein,
Y 1 is a direct bond or a linking group comprising 4 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom.
20 . The compound of claim 19 , wherein, in Formula (2), Y is an alkylene group comprising 4 carbon atoms.