Torque tunnel Halbach Array electric machine
Disclosed are various embodiments for Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machines having a rotor comprising a plurality of rotor assemblies configured to form a magnetic torque tunnel having at least a first magnetic pole tunnel segment and a second magnetic pole tunnel segment, each of the rotor assemblies having a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the Flux Density Distribution in the magnetic torque tunnel and a stator having a plurality of coils configured to form a coil winding assembly, the coil winding assembly positioned within the magnetic torque tunnel, such that at least one of the plurality of coils is surrounded by the first magnetic pole tunnel segment or the second magnetic pole tunnel segment, alternatively the rotor may be the coil winding assembly and the stator may be the magnetic torque tunnel.
1. A Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine comprising:
a magnetic toroidal cylinder including:
an inner rotor assembly, the inner rotor assembly comprising a plurality of inner permanent magnets positioned about and coupled to an inner rotor core, wherein the plurality of inner permanent magnets form a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus a Flux Density Distribution (FDD) in the magnetic toroidal cylinder;
a first axial rotor assembly, the first axial rotor assembly comprising a plurality of permanent magnets positioned about and coupled to a first axial rotor core, wherein the plurality of first axial permanent magnets form a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the first axial rotor assembly coupled at an inner edge to a first end of the inner rotor assembly;
a second axial rotor assembly, the second axial rotor assembly comprising a plurality of permanent magnets positioned about and coupled to a second axial rotor core, wherein the plurality of second axial permanent magnets form a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the second axial rotor assembly coupled at an inner edge to a second end of the inner rotor assembly;
an outer rotor assembly, the outer rotor assembly comprising a plurality of permanent magnets positioned about and coupled to an outer rotor core, and wherein the plurality of permanent magnets form a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the outer rotor assembly coupled at a first end to an outer edge of the first axial rotor assembly and coupled at a second end to an outer edge of the second axial rotor assembly, such that the inner rotor core, the first axial rotor core, the second axial rotor core, and the outer rotor core form a four-sided magnetic torque tunnel having at least a first magnetic pole tunnel segment and a second magnetic pole tunnel segment; and
a coil winding assembly positioned within the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the coil winding assembly including a plurality of coils, wherein the first or second magnetic pole tunnel segment surround at least one of the plurality of coils.
2. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the inner edge of the second axial rotor assembly and the second end of the inner rotor assembly define a transverse slot, and wherein the transverse slot allows a support for the coil winding assembly to pass through the inner rotor assembly.
3. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the outer edge of the second axial rotor assembly and the second end of the outer rotor assembly define a transverse slot, and wherein the transverse slot allows a support for the coil winding assembly to pass through the outer rotor assembly.
4. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein a radial length of an inner face the first axial rotor assembly is longer than a longitudinal length of an inner face of the inner rotor assembly.
5. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein each Halbach Array comprises four permanent magnets having different magnet orientations and the like for magnetic poles of an outer Halbach Array and an inner Halbach Array face each other and are substantially aligned.
6. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein each Halbach Array comprises eight permanent magnets having different magnet orientations for magnetic poles of an outer Halbach Array and an inner Halbach Array face each other and are substantially aligned.
7. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein each Halbach Array is separated by a spacer of ferromagnetic material, and wherein a set of exterior permanent magnets form about 70% of a length of the magnetic torque tunnel and the ferromagnetic ring spacer form about 30% of the length of the magnetic torque tunnel.
8. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the coil winding assembly is configured as 3-phase coil winding assembly and each phase comprises about 16 coils of square copper wire of 1 Standard Wire Gauge, and wherein the magnetic torque tunnel comprises about 23 magnetic pole pairs.
9. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein the coil winding assembly further comprises a center ring-like core formed of an isotropic ferromagnetic material having a porosity between about 75% and about 95% by volume, and wherein the isotropic ferromagnetic material is ferromagnetic open cell metal foam material infused with a structural support matrix made of thermoset or a thermoplastic resin.
10. The Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine of claim 1 , wherein a number of flux shaping Halbach Arrays in a radial portion of the inner rotor assembly is different from a number of flux shaping Halbach Arrays in a corresponding radial portion of the outer rotor assembly.
11. A method of producing electric power with a Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine comprising:
positioning a magnetic toroidal cylinder about a central longitudinal axis of the Torque Tunnel Halbach Array electric machine, the magnetic toroidal cylinder defined by:
an inner rotor assembly comprising a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus a Flux Density Distribution (FDD) in the magnetic toroidal cylinder;
a first axial rotor assembly comprising a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the first axial rotor assembly coupled at an inner edge to a first end of the inner rotor assembly;
a second axial rotor assembly comprising a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the second axial rotor assembly coupled at an inner edge to a second end of the inner rotor assembly;
an outer rotor assembly comprising a plurality of flux shaping Halbach Arrays configured to focus the FDD in the magnetic toroidal cylinder, the outer rotor assembly coupled at a first end to an outer edge of the first axial rotor assembly and coupled at a second end to an outer edge of the second axial rotor assembly, such that the inner rotor core, the first axial rotor core, the second axial rotor core, and the outer rotor core form a four-sided magnetic torque tunnel having at least a first magnetic pole tunnel segment and a second magnetic pole tunnel segment, wherein the four-sided magnetic torque tunnel is adapted to rotate about the central longitudinal axis;
positioning a coil winding assembly within the magnetic toroidal cylinder about the central longitudinal axis within a rotational path of the four-sided magnetic torque tunnel, the coil winding assembly including a plurality of coils, wherein the first or second magnetic pole tunnel segments surround at least one of the plurality of coils; and
applying current to the plurality of coils in a sequence that continuously impacts torque to turn the four-sided magnetic torque tunnel in a desired direction, relative to the coil winding assembly.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sequence that continuously impacts torque is synchronized to the rotation of the rotor core assemblies four-sided magnetic torque tunnel.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the inner edge of the second axial rotor assembly and the second end of the inner rotor assembly define a transverse slot, and wherein the transverse slot allows a support for the coil winding assembly to pass through the inner rotor assembly.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the outer edge of the second axial rotor assembly and the second end of the outer rotor assembly define, at least in part, a transverse slot, and wherein the transverse slot allows a support for the coil winding assembly to pass through the outer rotor assembly.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein a radial length of an inner face of the first axial rotor assembly is longer than a longitudinal length of an inner face of the inner rotor assembly.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the coil winding assembly is configured as a 3-phase coil winding assembly and each phase comprises about 16 coils of square copper wire of 1 Standard Wire Gauge, and wherein the magnetic torque tunnel comprises 23 magnetic pole pairs.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the coil winding assembly further comprise a center ring-like core formed of an isotropic ferromagnetic material having a porosity between about 75% and about 95% by volume, and wherein the isotropic ferromagnetic material is ferromagnetic open cell metal foam material infused with a structural support matrix made of thermoset or a thermoplastic resin.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein each Halbach Array comprises four permanent magnets having different magnet orientations, and magnetic poles of an outer Halbach Array and an inner Halbach Array face each other and are substantially aligned.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein each Halbach Array comprises eight permanent magnets having different magnet orientations, and the like magnetic poles of an outer Halbach Array and an inner Halbach Array face each other and are substantially aligned.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein each Halbach Array is separated by a spacer of ferromagnetic material, and wherein a set of exterior permanent magnets form about 70% of a length of the magnetic torque tunnel and the spacer form about 30% of the length of the magnetic torque tunnel.