IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,227,500
Granted Patent B2
US 12,227,500 · App. 17/009,450 · Granted Feb 18, 2025

Substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines for suppressing toxic endoplasmic reticulum stress

Inventors: Brent R. Stockwell (New York, NY); Hynek Wichterle (New York, NY); Pieter Bos (New York, NY); Arie Zask (New York, NY); Sebastian Thams (Stockholm, SE); Emily Rhodes Lowry (Brooklyn, NY)
Assignee: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
C07D471/04
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,227,500
App. No.
17/009,450
Granted
Feb 18, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention provides, inter alia, a compound having the structure: Also provided are compositions containing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and one or more compounds according to the present invention. Further provided are methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder in a subject, methods of suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject, methods of treating or ameliorating the effects of a disease involving axon degeneration in a subject, and methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a neurodegenerative disease.

Claims (140)

1. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6. A kit comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1-5 together with instructions for the use of the compound.

7. A method for suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the subject has a neurodegenerative disease selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, Friedreich's ataxia, glaucoma, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, a polyglutamine disease, a prion disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.

9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the subject is a mammal.

11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of a human, an agricultural animal, and a veterinary animal.

12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the subject is a human.

13. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

14. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

15. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

17. The method according to any one of claims 7, 13, 14, 15, or 16 , wherein the method further comprises co-administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of AFQO56 (Novartis), alpha-lipoic acid/L-acetyl carnitine, amantadine (Symmetrel), Apomorphine (Apokyn), Arimoclomol, armodafinil, ascorbic acid, Avonex, baclofen (Lioresal), benztropine (Cogentin), Betaseron, botulinum toxin, carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (Stalevo), carbidopa/levodopa immediate-release (Sinemet), carbidopa/levodopa oral disintegrating (Parcopa), CERE-110: adeno-associated virus delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) (Ceregene), CinnoVex, citalopram, clozapine (Clozaril), clonazepam (Klonopin), coenzyme Q, creatine, Davunetide, deferiprone, diazepam (Valium), Digoxin, Dimebon, divalproex (Depakote), donepezil (Aricept), EGb 761 : Ginkgo biloba extract, ELNDOO2 (Elan Pharmaceuticals), enalapril, entacapone (Comtan), erythropoietin, escitalopram (Lexapro), ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, Miraxion™), exenatide, Extavia, fingolimod (Gilenya), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), galantamine (Razadyne), glatiramer (Copaxone), haloperidol (Haldol), 5-hydroxytryptophan, idebenone, interferon beta 1a, interferon beta 1b, intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG), ioflupane 1231 (DATSCAN®), IPXO66 (Impax Laboratories Inc.), lamotrigine (Lamictal), lisinopril, lithium carbonate, Lu AA24493, LY450139 (Eli Lilly), masitinib, mecobalamin, Memantine (Namenda), methylprednisolone, minocycline, mirtazapine, mitoxantrone (Novantrone), natalizumab (Tysabri), niacinamide, oxybutinin chloride, PF-04360365 (Pfizer), pioglitazone, pramipexole (Mirapex), prednisone, propranolol, PXT3003, quinacrine, Ramelteon, rasagiline (Azilect), Rebif, ReciGen, remacemide, resveratrol, riluzole (Rilutek), rivastigmine (Exelon), ropinirole (Requip), rotigotine (Neupro), safinamide (EMD Serono), selegiline (L-deprenyl, Eldepryl), SEN0014196 (Siena Biotech), sertraline (Zoloft), sodium phenylbutyrate, tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), tetrabenazine (Xenazine), Tideglusib, tizanidine (Zanaflex), tolcapone (Tasmar), tolterodine, trinexyphenidyl (formerly Artane), ursodiol, valproic acid (Depakene), varenicline (Pfizer), vitamin E, and zydis selegiline HCl oral disintegrating (Zelapar), or a combination thereof.

18. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the central nervous system tumor is an astrocytoma or a brain tumor.

20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the hematopoietic malignancy is selected from the group consisting of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia, anaplastic large cell leukemia, childhood leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia, large-cell lymphoma, stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome (SCLL), and T-cell leukemia.

21. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) is selected from the group consisting of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), idiopathic myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera.

22. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, Friedreich's ataxia, glaucoma, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, a polyglutamine disease, a prion disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.

23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

24. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the papillary carcinoma is papillary thyroid carcinoma.

25. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the sarcoma is Ewing's sarcoma or a soft tissue sarcoma.

26. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the subject is a mammal.

27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of a human, an agricultural animal, and a veterinary animal.

28. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the subject is a human.

29. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

30. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

31. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

32. The method according to claim 18 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

33. The method according to any one of claims 18, 29, 30, 31, or 32 , wherein the method further comprises co-administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of AFQO56 (Novartis), alpha-lipoic acid/L-acetyl carnitine, amantadine (Symmetrel), Apomorphine (Apokyn), Arimoclomol, armodafinil, ascorbic acid, Avonex, baclofen (Lioresal), benztropine (Cogentin), Betaseron, botulinum toxin, carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (Stalevo), carbidopa/levodopa immediate-release (Sinemet), carbidopa/levodopa oral disintegrating (Parcopa), CERE-110: adeno-associated virus delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) (Ceregene), CinnoVex, citalopram, clozapine (Clozaril), clonazepam (Klonopin), coenzyme Q, creatine, Davunetide, deferiprone, diazepam (Valium), Digoxin, Dimebon, divalproex (Depakote), donepezil (Aricept), EGb 761 : Ginkgo biloba extract, ELNDOO2 (Elan Pharmaceuticals), enalapril, entacapone (Comtan), erythropoietin, escitalopram (Lexapro), ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, Miraxion™), exenatide, Extavia, fingolimod (Gilenya), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), galantamine (Razadyne), glatiramer (Copaxone), haloperidol (Haldol), 5-hydroxytryptophan, idebenone, interferon beta 1a, interferon beta 1b, intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG), ioflupane 1231 (DATSCAN®), IPXO66 (Impax Laboratories Inc.), lamotrigine (Lamictal), lisinopril, lithium carbonate, Lu AA24493, LY450139 (Eli Lilly), masitinib, mecobalamin, Memantine (Namenda), methylprednisolone, minocycline, mirtazapine, mitoxantrone (Novantrone), natalizumab (Tysabri), niacinamide, oxybutinin chloride, PF-04360365 (Pfizer), pioglitazone, pramipexole (Mirapex), prednisone, propranolol, PXT3003, quinacrine, Ramelteon, rasagiline (Azilect), Rebif, ReciGen, remacemide, resveratrol, riluzole (Rilutek), rivastigmine (Exelon), ropinirole (Requip), rotigotine (Neupro), safinamide (EMD Serono), selegiline (L-deprenyl, Eldepryl), SEN0014196 (Siena Biotech), sertraline (Zoloft), sodium phenylbutyrate, tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), tetrabenazine (Xenazine), Tideglusib, tizanidine (Zanaflex), tolcapone (Tasmar), tolterodine, trinexyphenidyl (formerly Artane), ursodiol, valproic acid (Depakene), varenicline (Pfizer), vitamin E, and zydis selegiline HCl oral disintegrating (Zelapar), or a combination thereof.

34. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

35. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

36. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

37. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

38. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 34 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

39. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 34, 35, 36, 37, or 38 together with instructions for the use of the pharmaceutical composition.

40. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

41. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the central nervous system tumor is an astrocytoma or a brain tumor.

42. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the hematopoietic malignancy is selected from the group consisting of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia, anaplastic large cell leukemia, childhood leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia, large-cell lymphoma, stem cell leukemia lymphoma syndrome (SCLL), and T-cell leukemia.

43. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) is selected from the group consisting of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), idiopathic myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera.

44. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, Friedreich's ataxia, glaucoma, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, a polyglutamine disease, a prion disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.

45. The method according to claim 44 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

46. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the papillary carcinoma is papillary thyroid carcinoma.

47. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the sarcoma is Ewing's sarcoma or a soft tissue sarcoma.

48. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the subject is a mammal.

49. The method according to claim 48 , wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of a human, an agricultural animal, and a veterinary animal.

50. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the subject is a human.

51. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

52. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

53. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

54. The method according to claim 40 , wherein the compound is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

55. The method according to any one of claims 40, 51, 52, 53, or 54 , wherein the method further comprises co-administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of AFQO56 (Novartis), alpha-lipoic acid/L-acetyl carnitine, amantadine (Symmetrel), Apomorphine (Apokyn), Arimoclomol, armodafinil, ascorbic acid, Avonex, baclofen (Lioresal), benztropine (Cogentin), Betaseron, botulinum toxin, carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (Stalevo), carbidopa/levodopa immediate-release (Sinemet), carbidopa/levodopa oral disintegrating (Parcopa), CERE-110: adeno-associated virus delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) (Ceregene), CinnoVex, citalopram, clozapine (Clozaril), clonazepam (Klonopin), coenzyme Q, creatine, Davunetide, deferiprone, diazepam (Valium), Digoxin, Dimebon, divalproex (Depakote), donepezil (Aricept), EGb 761 : Ginkgo biloba extract, ELNDOO2 (Elan Pharmaceuticals), enalapril, entacapone (Comtan), erythropoietin, escitalopram (Lexapro), ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA, Miraxion™), exenatide, Extavia, fingolimod (Gilenya), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), galantamine (Razadyne), glatiramer (Copaxone), haloperidol (Haldol), 5-hydroxytryptophan, idebenone, interferon beta 1a, interferon beta 1b, intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG), ioflupane 1231 (DATSCAN®), IPXO66 (Impax Laboratories Inc.), lamotrigine (Lamictal), lisinopril, lithium carbonate, Lu AA24493, LY450139 (Eli Lilly), masitinib, mecobalamin, Memantine (Namenda), methylprednisolone, minocycline, mirtazapine, mitoxantrone (Novantrone), natalizumab (Tysabri), niacinamide, oxybutinin chloride, PF-04360365 (Pfizer), pioglitazone, pramipexole (Mirapex), prednisone, propranolol, PXT3003, quinacrine, Ramelteon, rasagiline (Azilect), Rebif, ReciGen, remacemide, resveratrol, riluzole (Rilutek), rivastigmine (Exelon), ropinirole (Requip), rotigotine (Neupro), safinamide (EMD Serono), selegiline (L-deprenyl, Eldepryl), SEN0014196 (Siena Biotech), sertraline (Zoloft), sodium phenylbutyrate, tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), tetrabenazine (Xenazine), Tideglusib, tizanidine (Zanaflex), tolcapone (Tasmar), tolterodine, trinexyphenidyl (formerly Artane), ursodiol, valproic acid (Depakene), varenicline (Pfizer), vitamin E, and zydis selegiline HCl oral disintegrating (Zelapar), or a combination thereof.

56. A compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

57. The compound according to claim 56 , wherein the compound is:

58. The compound according to claim 56 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

59. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

60. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 59 , wherein the compound is:

61. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 59 , wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

62. A method for suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

63. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

64. A compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

65. The compound according to claim 64 , wherein the compound is:

66. The compound according to claim 64 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

67. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

68. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 , wherein the compound is:

69. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 67 , wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

70. A method for suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

71. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

72. A compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

73. The compound according to claim 72 , wherein the compound is:

74. The compound according to claim 72 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

75. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

76. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 75 , wherein the compound is:

77. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 75 , wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

78. A method for suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

79. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

80. A compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

81. The compound according to claim 80 , wherein the compound is:

82. The compound according to claim 80 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

83. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

84. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 83 , wherein the compound is:

85. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 83 , wherein the compound is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of:

86. A method for suppressing the toxicity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

87. A method for ameliorating or treating the effects of a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

wherein the disorder is a disease characterized by aberrant kinase levels in the subject selected from the group consisting of acanthosis nigricans, achondroplasia, acromesomelic chondrodysplasia (a bone malformation), acromesomelic dysplasia, an addiction, angina, anhidrosis, Apert syndrome, arterial hypertension, an arteriovenous malformation, ataxia, atypical migraine, autism, autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia, bacterial-induced macrophage apoptosis, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, bladder cancer, blood coagulation, brachydactyly type A2 (a hand malformation), breast cancer, capillary infantile hemangioma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carney complex tumor, a cataract, a central nervous system (CNS) tumor, chronic arthritis, a circadian disorder, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 5, cone-rod dystrophy (CORD) type 6, craniosynostosis Adelaide type, Crouzon syndrome, a defective endocrine function, diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a diabetic vascular complication, dilated cardiomyopathy, dominant brachydactyly type B, dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 14, Down syndrome (DS), endometrial cancer, epilepsy, an epithelial tumor, esophageal cancer, an external genital abnormality, extra-skeletal bone formation, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), familial melanoma, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), glioblastoma, a glioma, head and neck cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, heart contractility, heart failure, a hematopoietic malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 2), hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, hereditary prostate cancer-1 (HPC1), Hischsprung disease, hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypochrondroplasia, hypogonadism, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, incontinentia pigmenti, an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, intestinal bleeding, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, a juvenile midline carcinoma, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kallmann syndrome 2, Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), a left-right axis malformation, leprechaunism, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, liver glycogenosis, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, lung cancer, male baldness, malignant melanoma, mammary ductal carcinoma, mammary gland hyperplasia, Marfan syndrome type 2, mastocytosis, Muenke syndrome, Müllerian duct syndrome type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), muscle wasting, myasthenia gravis, myelodysplasia, a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), myocardial infarction, myotonia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neuroblastoma, nonsyndromic mental retardation type 30 (MRX30), Oguchi disease type 2, osteoarthritic cartilage, ovarian cancer, pain perception, pancreatic cancer, a papillary carcinoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, piebaldism, pineal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, polycystic kidney disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, a post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), progressive deafness, prostate cancer, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, pulmonary adenoma, a pyrogenic bacterial infection, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS), renal cancer, renal oncocytoma, retinitis pigmentosa, Rett syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, San Diego type skeletal dysplasia, Seckel syndrome, a skeletal malformation, a sarcoma, somatic melanoma, spina bifida, systemic lupus erythematosus, telangiectasia, testicular cancer, thanatophoric dysplasia, thyroid cancer, tibial muscular dystrophy, uterine leiomyosarcoma, a venous malformation, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and X-linked infantile spasm syndrome; or

wherein the disorder is a disease that involves axon degeneration or a disease that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, or a combination thereof, selected from the group consisting of atherosclerosis, an autoimmune disease, bipolar disorder, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, a neurodegenerative disease, obesity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

Assignments (5)
CONFIRMATORY LICENSE Recorded May 16, 2023
From: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
To: UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Reel/Frame 063649/0633 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jul 21, 2021
From: WICHTERLE, HYNEK
To: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Reel/Frame 056936/0352 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jul 20, 2021
From: STOCKWELL, BRENT R.
To: THE TRUSTESS OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Reel/Frame 056915/0790 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 17, 2020
From: BOS, PIETER; THAMS, SEBASTIAN
To: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Reel/Frame 053798/0686 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Sep 14, 2020
From: LOWRY, EMILY RHODES; ZASK, ARIE
To: THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK
Reel/Frame 053756/0044 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation PCTUS2019020362 · Mar 1, 2019
Provisional Application 62637242 · Mar 1, 2018
Related Publication 20210040091A1 · Feb 11, 2021
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