Self-sanitizing structure for automatically neutralizing infectious agents on the structure's commonly touched surfaces
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a self-sanitizing structure that includes a body region having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure. The self-sanitizing structure further includes an energy source configured to generate electromagnetic radiation and direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface. The body region is configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation. The sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.
1. A self-sanitizing structure comprising:
a body region having a contact surface that can be contacted by a person during an intended use of the self-sanitizing structure; and
an energy source configured to:
generate electromagnetic radiation; and
direct the electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface;
wherein the body region comprises a host composite material;
wherein scattering elements are formed in the host composite material;
wherein the body region is configured to scatter the electromagnetic radiation and pass the scattered electromagnetic radiation through the body region to the contact surface in a manner that maintains the scattered electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface as sanitizing electromagnetic radiation; and
wherein the sanitizing electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is at or above a minimum irradiance level that neutralizes infectious agents.
2. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 1 , wherein:
the sanitizing electromagnetic radiation that reaches the contact surface is determined by properties of the self-sanitizing structure; and
the properties of the self-sanitizing structure comprises:
the scattering elements in the body region;
spacing between the scattering elements in the body region; and
a size of each of the scattering elements in the body region.
3. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 2 , wherein:
the size of each of the scattering element is sufficient to scatter the electromagnetic radiation; and
the spacings between the scattering elements in the body region are sufficient to enable the scattered electromagnetic radiation to pass through the body region to the contact surface.
4. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein:
the host composite material comprises a matrix material; and
a refractive index of the matrix material is different than a refractive index of the scattering elements.
5. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein:
the body region comprises a substantially rigid material; and
the scattering elements comprise particulate elements.
6. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein:
the body region comprises a substantially flexible material; and
the scattering elements comprise fibrous elements.
7. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises a wavelength within a range from about 380 nanometers to about 500 nanometers.
8. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein the minimum irradiance level comprises about 0.5 mW/cm 2 .
9. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein the minimum irradiance level comprises about 1 mW/cm 2 .
10. The self-sanitizing structure of claim 3 , wherein:
the energy source comprises multiple discrete energy sources; and
the properties of the self-sanitizing structure further comprise:
spacings between the multiple discrete energy sources; and
a distance from each of the multiple discrete energy sources to the contact surface.