Phosphorus-carbon composites as battery anode materials
An electrochemical device includes an anode containing a phosphorus-carbon composite including a conductive carbon matrix and nano-sized phosphorus particles, wherein the nano-sized phosphorus particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface and/or pores of the carbon matrix.
1. A sodium-ion battery comprising:
a cathode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte;
an anode; and
a separator between the cathode and the anode;
wherein:
the anode comprises a phosphorus-carbon composite comprising:
nano-sized phosphorus particles uniformly dispersed on a surface of a dual-component carbon matrix and/or pores of a dual-component carbon matrix;
the nano-sized phosphorus particles comprising black phosphorus; and
a dual-component conductive carbon matrix comprising:
a first component selected from the group consisting of graphene, reduced graphene oxide, acetylene black, carbon black, a metal-organic framework, porous carbon, carbon spheres, and carbon aerogel; and
a second component selected from the group consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotube arrays, polypyrrole, and polyaniline;
the first component is present in an amount of about 1% to about 60% by weight of the phosphorus-carbon composite, and the second component is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of the phosphorus-carbon composite; and
the phosphorus-carbon composite comprises the nano-sized phosphorus particles, the carbon black, and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and they are present in the phosphorus-carbon composite at a ratio of 7:2.5:0.5, respectively.
2. The sodium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a cathode active material, a current collector, a conductive carbon material, and a binder.
3. The sodium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized phosphorus particles further comprise red phosphorus.
4. The sodium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized phosphorus particles have a particle size of about 1 nm to about 200 nm.
5. The sodium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-carbon composite has a dual-component conductive carbon matrix content of about 1% to about 70% by weight of the composite.
6. The sodium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-carbon composite comprises the nano-sized phosphorus particles at about 0.1% to about 99.9% by weight.