Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
Articles prepared by additive manufacturing of preforms that are coated by electrodeposition of nanolaminate materials, and methods of their production are described.
1. An article comprising:
a polymer preform; and
a nanolaminate coating on the polymer preform, the nanolaminate coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers of a first alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1% and iron in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight; and
second layers of a second alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1% and iron in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight, the second layers being compositionally different from the first layers,
wherein the nanolaminate coating is a conformal coating that extends over at least a part of the polymer preform and conforms to the shape of the at least the part of the polymer preform.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first alloy further comprises an additional element in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight, and the second alloy further comprises the additional element in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the additional element is copper.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein each of the first layers is compositionally the same and each of the second layers is compositionally the same.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises a third layer between one of the first layers and one of the second layers.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises a third layer between each of the first and the second layers.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of alternating layers have wavelengths ranging from about 1 nm to about 250 nm.
8. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive layer between the polymer preform and the nanolaminate coating.
9. A method comprising:
electrodepositing a nanolaminate coating on a polymer preform prepared by additive manufacturing, the nanolaminate coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers of a first alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1% and iron in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight; and
second layers of a second alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1% and iron in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight, the second layers being compositionally different from the first layers,
wherein the nanolaminate coating is a conformal coating that extends over at least a part of the polymer preform and conforms to the shape of the at least the part of the polymer preform.
10. An article comprising:
a polymer preform prepared by additive manufacturing; and
a nanolaminate coating on the polymer preform, the nanolaminate coating comprising a plurality of alternating layers comprising:
first layers of a first alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1%, cobalt in a concentration of at least 1%, and a third element in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight; and
second layers of a second alloy comprising nickel in a concentration of at least 1%, cobalt in a concentration of at least 1%, and the third element in a concentration of at least 1%, by weight, the second layers being compositionally different from the first layers,
wherein the nanolaminate coating is a conformal coating that extends over at least a part of the polymer preform and conforms to the shape of the at least the part of the polymer preform.
11. The article of claim 10 , wherein the third element is copper.
12. The article of claim 10 , wherein each of the first layers is compositionally the same and each of the second layers is compositionally the same.
13. The article of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises a third layer between one of the first layers and one of the second layers.
14. The article of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of alternating layers further comprises a third layer between each of the first and the second layers.
15. The article of claim 10 , wherein the polymer preform further comprises a conductive material selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and graphite fibers.
16. The article of claim 10 , further comprising a conductive layer between the polymer preform and the nanolaminate coating.
17. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polymer preform comprises at least one portion that includes a honeycomb network or a series of struts extending in an essentially linear fashion between the vertices of polyhedral structures.
18. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polymer preform comprises polyetherimide, polyetherketoneketone, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA), PC/ABS, a wood fiber, polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) or a combination thereof.
19. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polymer preform further comprises one or more metals adapted to increase the conductivity of the polymer preform, the one or more metals selected from the group consisting of: Ag, Al, Au, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sb, Sn, Mn, Pb, Ta, Ti, W, V, Zn and Zr.
20. The article of claim 1 , wherein the polymer preform further comprises one or more non-metallic conductive material adapted to increase the conductivity of the polymer preform, the one or more non-metallic conductive materials selected from the group consisting of carbon black, grapheme, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano fibers and graphite fibers.