Systems and methods for integrating cameras and phased array antennas for use in electronic toll charge
Systems and methods for integrating cameras and phased array antennas for use in electronic toll charge (ETC) are disclosed. In one aspect, an ETC system includes a camera including a lens and configured to capture an image indicative of a position of a vehicle and a plurality of antennas formed in a ring around the lens of the camera. The system further includes control circuitry configured to: determine the position of the vehicle based on the image captured by the camera, adjust the antennas for beamforming based on the position of the vehicle, and wirelessly communicate with an on board device (OBU) of the vehicle via the beamforming provided by the adjusted antennas.
1. An electronic toll charge (ETC) system, comprising:
a camera comprising a lens and configured to capture an image indicative of a position of a vehicle;
a plurality of antennas formed in a ring around the lens of the camera; and
control circuitry configured to:
determine the position of the vehicle based on the image captured by the camera,
select a plurality of beamforming settings of the antennas based on the position of the vehicle, and
wirelessly communicate with an on board device (OBU) of the vehicle with the selected beamforming settings of the antennas, wherein the plurality of antennas are operable to form a transmit beam and a receive beam to communicate with the vehicle based on the plurality of beamforming settings.
2. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein an optical center of the camera and a center of the ring formed by the plurality of antennas coincide.
3. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein selecting the plurality of beamforming settings comprises setting a gain and a phase for a radio frequency (RF) signal provided to two or more antennas of the plurality of antennas and setting a gain and a phase for RF signals received from the two or more antennas.
4. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein the antennas are divided into a plurality of antenna groups, the antennas within a first one of the antenna groups are electrically connected together, and the control circuitry is further configured to control the antennas within the first antenna group together.
5. The ETC system of claim 4 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a first power amplifier,
a first low noise amplifier,
a first switch selectively coupling the first antenna group to the first power amplifier and the first low noise amplifier, and
a controller configured to provide a transmit radio frequency (RF) signal to the first antenna group via the first power amplifier and receive a receive RF signal from the first antenna group via the low noise amplifier.
6. The ETC system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to adjust a gain and a phase of each of the transmit RF signal and the receive RF signal for beamforming.
7. The ETC system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB) on which the plurality of antennas are formed, the PCB including a hole arranged at a center of the ring formed by the antennas,
wherein the hole in the PCB is coaxial with the camera lens.
8. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein an angular orientation of each of the antennas is rotated based on a position of the corresponding antenna within the ring.
9. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein the ring is substantially circular.
10. The ETC system of claim 1 , wherein the wireless communication with the OBU comprises charging a payment account associated with a user of the OBU for payment.
11. A phased array, comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB) having a hole configured to be aligned with a lens of a camera;
a plurality of antennas formed on the PCB and formed in a ring around the hole; and
control circuitry configured to:
determine the position of a vehicle based on an image captured by the camera,
select a plurality of beamforming settings of the antennas based on the position of the vehicle, and
wirelessly communicate with an on board device (OBU) of the vehicle with the selected beamforming settings of the antennas,
wherein the plurality of antennas are operable to form a transmit beam and a receive beam to communicate with the vehicle based on the plurality of beamforming settings.
12. The phased array of claim 11 , wherein an optical center of the camera and a center of the ring formed by the plurality of antennas coincide.
13. The phased array of claim 11 , wherein selecting the plurality of beamforming settings comprises setting a gain and a phase for a radio frequency (RF) signal provided to two or more antennas of the plurality of antennas and setting a gain and a phase for RF signals received from the two or more antennas.
14. The phased array of claim 11 , wherein the antennas are divided into a plurality of antenna groups, the antennas within a first one of the antenna groups are electrically connected together, and the control circuitry is further configured to control the antennas within the first antenna group together.
15. The phased array of claim 14 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a first power amplifier,
a first low noise amplifier,
a first switch selectively coupling the first antenna group to the first power amplifier and the first low noise amplifier, and
a controller configured to provide a transmit radio frequency (RF) signal to the first antenna group via the first power amplifier and receive a receive RF signal from the first antenna group via the low noise amplifier.
16. The phased array of claim 15 , wherein the controller is further configured to adjust a gain and phase of each of the transmit RF signal and the receive RF signal for beamforming.
17. A method for wireless electronic toll charge (ETC) communication, the method comprising:
receiving an image indicative of a position of a vehicle captured by a camera comprising a lens;
determining the position of the vehicle based on the image;
selecting a plurality of beamforming settings of a plurality of antennas based on the position of the vehicle, the plurality of antennas formed in a ring around the lens of the camera; and
wirelessly communicating with an on board device (OBU) of the vehicle with the selected beamforming settings of the antennas, including using the plurality of antennas to form a transmit beam and a receive beam to communicate with the vehicle based on the plurality of beamforming settings.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein an optical center of the camera and a center of the ring formed by the plurality of antennas coincide.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein selecting the plurality of beamforming settings comprises setting a gain and a phase for a radio frequency (RF) signal provided to two or more antennas of the plurality of antennas and setting a gain and a phase for RF signals received from the two or more antennas.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the antennas are divided into a plurality of antenna groups, the antennas within a first one of the antenna groups are electrically connected together, the method further comprising controlling the antennas within the first antenna group together.