Adsorption cooling system using metal organic frameworks
An adsorptive cooling system includes two highly adsorptive structures positioned to receive thermal energy from a thermal energy source, each highly adsorptive structure includes a substrate and a metal-organic framework (MOF) coupled to the respective substrate and adapted for adsorbing and desorbing a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions. The adsorptive cooling system includes a cooling unit and a circulation system adapted for circulating the refrigerant from one of the highly adsorptive structures to the cooling unit to provide cooling from the thermal energy source and to return the refrigerant from the cooling unit to the same or other highly adsorptive structure. Each substrate may include a plurality of microchannels, providing ingress and egress paths for a refrigerant, defined by grooves in a surface of the substrate nearest the MOF and/or surfaces of a plurality of microcapillaries of the substrate. The microchannels provide ingress and egress paths for a refrigerant.
1. An adsorptive cooling system comprising:
a first highly adsorptive structure positioned to receive thermal energy from a thermal energy source, the first highly adsorptive structure comprising:
a first substrate, and
a first metal-organic framework (MOF) coupled to the first substrate and adapted for adsorbing and desorbing a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions;
a second highly adsorptive structure positioned to receive thermal energy from the thermal energy source, the second highly adsorptive structure comprising:
a second substrate, and
a second MOF coupled to the second substrate and adapted for adsorbing and desorbing the refrigerant under the predetermined thermodynamic conditions;
a cooling unit; and
a circulation system adapted for circulating the refrigerant from the first highly adsorptive structure and/or the second highly adsorptive structure to the cooling unit to provide cooling from the thermal energy source and to return the refrigerant from the cooling unit to the first highly adsorptive structure and/or the second highly adsorptive structure,
wherein the first and/or the second substrate comprises a plurality of microchannels,
wherein the microchannels are defined by grooves in a surface of the substrate nearest the MOF and/or surfaces of a plurality of microcapillaries of the substrate, and
wherein the microchannels provide ingress and egress paths for the refrigerant.
2. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the first MOF is adhered to an interior surface of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted through an interior volume of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the second substrate comprises a second plurality of microchannels,
wherein the second MOF is adhered to an interior surface of the second plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted through an interior volume of the second plurality of microchannels.
3. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the first MOF is adhered to an exterior surface of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted along the exterior surface of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the second substrate comprises a second plurality of microchannels,
wherein the second MOF is adhered to an exterior surface of the second plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted along the exterior surface of the second plurality of microchannels.
4. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the first MOF is adhered to each of an interior surface of the first plurality of microchannels and an exterior surface of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted through an interior volume of the first plurality of microchannels and along the exterior surface of the first plurality of microchannels,
wherein the second MOF is adhered to each of an interior surface of a second plurality of microchannels and an exterior surface of the second plurality of microchannels,
wherein the thermal energy is conducted through an interior volume of the second plurality of microchannels and along the exterior surface of the second plurality of microchannels.
5. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the predetermined thermodynamic conditions are based on an identity of each of: a plurality of metal atoms, a plurality of organic spacer molecules, and the refrigerant.
6. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the MOF is characterized by a surface area of at least about 5000 m 2 /g.
7. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the MOF is characterized by a pore structure, wherein the pore structure is determined based on an identity of each of: a plurality of metal atoms and a plurality of organic spacer molecules.
8. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of: methyl silane, propylene, propane, propadiene, ammonia, cyclopropane, dimethyl ether, methyl acetylene, methyl phosphine, bromo difluoro nitroso methane, methyl nitrate, isobutene, isobutylene, 1-butene, amino methane, 1,3 butadiene, butane, trans 2-butene, trimethyl amine, cis 2-butene, 1-butene-3-one, vinyl acetylene, methane thiol, fulvene, 1-butyne, neopentane, butadiyne, methylallene, cyclobutane, acetaldehyde, methanol, cycloneptane, chloro trifluoro methane, trifluoro acetonitrile, methylene fluoroide, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, 1,1,1 trifluoroethane, nitroso-pentafluoro ethane, chloro difluoro methane, chloro pentafluoro ethane, fluoroethane, perfluordimethyl amine, perfluoropropane, perfluoro ethyl amine, trifluoro methyl peroxide, nitro trifluoro methane, dichloro difluoro methane, perfluoro propylene, 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoro ethane, trifluoro methyl phosphine, 1,1 difluoro ethane, perfluoro 2-butyne, methyl chloride, fluoro formaldehyde, iodo trifluoro methane, trifluoromethyl sulfide, trifluoro methane sulfonyl fluoride, pentafluoro thio trifluoro methane, vinyl chloride, bromo diflouoro nitroso methane, 1-nitroso heptafluoro propane, trifluoro ethoxyl silane, hexafluorodimethylamine, ethyl trifluoro silane, perfluoro cyclobutane, 3-fluoropropylene, perfluoro methyl mercaptan, 2,2, difluoro propane, nitro pentafluoro ethane, perfluoro 2-butene, trans 2-butane, 1,1,1,2,2,3 hexafluoro propane, perfluoro cyclobutene, methyl bromide, bromoacetylene, pentachloro benzyl chloride, hexafluoro 1,3 butadiene, 2-chloro 1,1,1 trifluoroethane, dichloro fluoro methane, 2-fluoro 1,3-butadiene, acetyl fluoride, 1,2 dichloro 1,2 difluoro ethylene, 1-nitro heptafluoro propane, and neopentyl chloride.
9. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the MOF is coupled to an interior and/or exterior surface of the plurality of microchannels.
10. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first and/or the second substrate having the grooves is corrugated.
11. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the microchannels are defined by inner or outer surfaces of the plurality of microcapillaries of the substrate.
12. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 11 , wherein the microcapillaries provide the ingress and egress paths for the refrigerant.
13. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the refrigerant is adsorbed to the MOF, wherein the refrigerant is desorbed from the MOF at a temperature of less than 90 degrees Celsius.
14. The adsorptive cooling system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a container enclosing each of the first highly adsorptive structure and the second highly adsorptive structure, each container having an opening configured for ingress and egress of the refrigerant.