Nanofiber filter medium for reusable facemask and filtering facepiece respirator
Reusable filters for personal protective equipment (PPE) may prevent shortages of PPE and save fabrication time, resources, and money. Disclosed is a method and system for fabrication of nanofiber filter media for PPE. The method includes positioning a substrate to receive nanofibers thereon, providing a voltage gradient in a region of the substrate, and electrospinning nanofibers onto the substrate. The methods and associated systems allow autoclaving of the filter medium at temperatures of up to 300 degrees for sanitizing the filter medium. Additionally, the methods and associated system allow for the inclusion of an anti-pathogen agent in the nanofiber filter media.
1. A reusable filtration element for personal protective equipment, the reusable filtration element comprising:
a fabric substrate;
a layer of polymer nanofibers electrospun on a surface of the fabric substrate, the layer of polymer nanofibers having a thickness between 20 and 70 micrometers, each of the nanofibers having a diameter of 2 micrometers or less, and each of the nanofibers comprising polybenzimidazole; and
an anti-pathogen agent,
wherein:
the layer of polymer nanofibers comprises nanofibers that are structurally stable at temperatures up to 300° C.,
the reusable filtration element has a face velocity of greater than 14 cm/s at a pressure drop of less than 25 mmH 2 O, and
the anti-pathogen agent comprises one of a CuZn alloy nanoparticle, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, or 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy) phenol.
2. A reusable filtration element for personal protective equipment, the reusable filtration element comprising:
a flexible substrate;
a layer of nanofibers electrospun on a surface of the flexible substrate, the nanofibers including an anti-pathogen agent comprising a CuZn alloy nanoparticle, the nanofibers comprising a material that does not melt below a temperature of 300° C., and the nanofibers comprising polybenzimidazole;
wherein:
the reusable filtration element has a face velocity of greater than 14 cm/s at a pressure drop of less than 25 mmH 2 O.
3. The reusable filtration element of claim 2 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises a plurality of nanofiber sublayers.
4. The reusable filtration element of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of nanofiber sublayers comprises:
a first nanofiber sublayer comprising nanofibers having diameters of less than 500 nanometers; and
a second nanofiber sublayer comprising nanofibers having diameters between 500 nanometers and 2 micrometers.
5. The reusable filtration element of claim 2 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises nanofibers that are structurally stable at temperatures up to 300° C.
6. The reusable filtration element of claim 2 , wherein the layer of nanofibers is less than 100 micrometers thick.
7. The reusable filtration element of claim 2 , wherein the flexible substrate is one of the group consisting of: a cloth sheet configured to cover a bed, a cloth material of a facemask, and a cloth configured to be worn by a person.
8. The reusable filtration element of claim 2 , wherein the nanofibers comprise polyacrylonitrile: polybenzimidazole nanofibers with a composition of 7 to 3 polyacrylonitrile to polybenzimidazole.
9. A method for fabricating a reusable filtration element for personal protective equipment, the method comprising:
physically configuring a flexible substrate relative to a nozzle, wherein the flexible substrate is configured to receive nanofibers thereon;
providing a voltage between the flexible substrate and a region adjacent to the nozzle;
pumping a material through the nozzle to electrospin a layer of nanofibers onto the flexible substrate, the material comprising polybenzimidazole, the layer of nanofibers comprising a material that does not melt below a temperature of 300° C.; and
providing to the nanofibers an anti-pathogen agent including a CuZn alloy nanoparticle;
wherein:
the reusable filtration element has a face velocity of greater than 14 cm/s at a pressure drop of less than 25 mmH 2 O.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises nanofibers having a diameter of less than 2 micrometers.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the anti-pathogen agent is a structural component or part of the composition of the nanofibers.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises a plurality of nanofiber sublayers.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises a single layer of nanofibers having a plurality of diameters between 300 nanometers and 1600 nanometers.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the layer of nanofibers comprises nanofibers that are structurally stable at temperatures up to 300° C.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the layer of nanofibers is less than 100 micrometers thick.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the flexible substrate is one of the group consisting of: a cloth sheet configured to cover a bed, a cloth material of a facemask, and a cloth configured to be worn by a person.