Autoantibodies and autoantibody-autoantigen complexes as biomarkers of small cell lung cancer
Disclosed herein are high performance biomarkers and panel for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) early detection useful for identifying, diagnosing and treating SCLC patients at an early stage. The method of detecting and diagnosing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes contacting a sample from a subject suspected of being at-risk of acquiring or having SCLC with at least two SCLC-specific autoantibody molecules and detecting binding of four different protein types—SCLC autoantibody-antigen complexes, SCLC uncomplexed autoantibodies, SCLC associated proteins and SCLC glycoproteins—in the sample, thereby detecting SCLC in the subject.
1 . A biomarker detection panel for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprising four antibodies capable of detecting four autoantibody-autoantigen complexes, respectively, wherein the four antibodies comprise:
(a) an anti-PLD3 antibody for detecting an anti-PLD3 autoantibody bound to a PLD3 autoantigen,
(b) an anti-TIMP2 antibody for detecting an anti-TIMP2 autoantibody bound to a TIMP2 autoantigen,
(c) an anti-NLRP7 antibody for detecting an anti-NLRP7 autoantibody bound to a NLRP7 autoantigen, and
(d) an anti-TFRC antibody for detecting an anti-TFRC autoantibody bound to a TFRC autoantigen;
or
(a) an anti-PLD3 antibody for detecting an anti-PLD3 autoantibody bound to a PLD3 autoantigen,
(b) an anti-TIMP2 antibody for detecting an anti-TIMP2 autoantibody bound to a TIMP2 autoantigen,
(c) an anti-GRAP2 antibody for detecting an anti-GRAP2 autoantibody bound to a GRAP2 autoantigen, and
(d) an anti-SPINK1 antibody for detecting an anti-SPINK1 autoantibody bound to a SPINK1 autoantigen; and
wherein the biomarker detection panel is capable of detecting SCLC with a sensitivity and specificity of at least 75%.
2 . The biomarker detection panel of claim 1 , wherein the sensitivity and specificity are at least 95%.
3 . The biomarker detection panel of claim 1 , wherein the sensitivity and specificity are between 98% to 100%.
4 . A method of detecting small cell lung cancer (SCLC), comprising:
contacting a sample from a subject suspected of being at-risk of acquiring or having SCLC with the biomarker detection panel of claim 1 ; and
detecting binding of SCLC autoantibody-antigen complexes, SCLC associated proteins, SCLC autoantibodies and SCLC glycoproteins in the sample, thereby detecting SCLC in the subject.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the sample is a plasma or serum sample.
6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the method further comprises:
purifying the sample prior to detecting binding of SCLC autoantibody-antigen complexes, SCLC autoantibodies, SCLC associated proteins and SCLC glycoproteins.
7 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising obtaining the plasma sample from the subject suspected of being at-risk of acquiring or having SCLC.
8 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the subject suspected of being at-risk of acquiring or having SCLC is a chronic smoker or was a chronic smoker for 10 pack years.
9 . The method of claim 4 , wherein SCLC glycoproteins are detected by detecting sialyl Lewis-A and sialyl Lewis-X modifications.
10 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the biomarker detection panel of claim 1 further comprises:
a PNMA1 antibody for detecting an anti-PNMA1 autoantibody bound to a PNMA1 autoantigen, or
a PNMA2 antibody for detecting an anti-PNMA2 autoantibody bound to a PNMA2 autoantigen.
11 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the biomarker detection panel of claim 1 further comprises a GAD65 antibody for detecting an anti-GAD65 autoantibody bound to a GAD65 autoantigen.
12 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the biomarker detection panel of claim 1 further comprises a CRMP5 antibody for detecting an anti-CRMP5 autoantibody bound to a CRMP5 autoantigen.
13 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the method is used for diagnosing a subject with early stage SCLC.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the early stage SCLC is not detectable by CT scans.
15 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising monitoring the subject diagnosed with SCLC wherein monitoring comprises subjecting the subject to one or more CT scans.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the method further comprises treating the subject with SCLC by administering an effective amount of an SCLC modulatory agent to reduce, prevent, or inhibit one or more signs and/or symptoms associated with SCLC.
17 . The biomarker detection panel of claim 1 , wherein the four antibodies comprise an anti-PLD3 antibody for detecting an anti-PLD3 autoantibody bound to a PLD3 autoantigen, an anti-TIMP2 antibody for detecting an anti-TIMP2 autoantibody bound to a TIMP2 autoantigen, an anti-NLRP7 antibody for detecting an anti-NLRP7 autoantibody bound to a NLRP7 autoantigen, and an anti-TFRC antibody for detecting an anti-TFRC autoantibody bound to a TFRC autoantigen.
18 . The biomarker detection panel of claim 1 , wherein the four antibodies comprise an anti-PLD3 antibody for detecting an anti-PLD3 autoantibody bound to a PLD3 autoantigen, an anti-TIMP2 antibody for detecting an anti-TIMP2 autoantibody bound to a TIMP2 autoantigen, an anti-GRAP2 antibody for detecting an anti-GRAP2 autoantibody bound to a GRAP2 autoantigen, and an anti-SPINK1 antibody for detecting an anti-SPINK1 autoantibody bound to a SPINK1 autoantigen.
19 . The biomarker detection panel of claim 18 , further comprising an anti-TFRC antibody for detecting an anti-TFRC autoantibody bound to a TFRC autoantigen.